Bisphosphonate use and gastrointestinal tract cancer risk: Meta-analysis of observational studies

AIM: To perform a meta-analysis of observational studies to further elucidate the relationship between oral bisphosphonate use and gastrointestinal cancer risk.METHODS: Systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies through January 2011. Search terms wereOAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000052039/11SEQ:11PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000052039ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A077862DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:2.471FILENAME:63_Bisphosphonate use and gastrointestinal tract.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Multislice B₁ Mapping Method Using Magnetic Resonance Composite Spin Echo Sequences and Simultaneous Echo Refocusing

Radiofrequency (RF) transmit field (B1) mapping is a promising method in mitigating the B1 inhomogeneity in various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Although several phase- or magnitude-based B1 mapping methods have been proposed, these methods often require complex modeling, long acquisition time, or specialized MRI sequences. A recently introduced simultaneous echo refocusing (SER) technique can be applied in the B1 mapping method to extend the three-dimensional (3D) spatial coverage only without long data acquisition. Therefore, in this study, a multislice B1 mapping method using composite spin echo sequences and SER techniques is proposed to obtain more accurate B1 mapping with short data acquisition time. To evaluate the performance of the proposed B1 mapping method, computational simulations were performed and compared with Morrell’s method, double angle method, and Yarnykh’s method. These results showed that the angle-to-noise ratio of the proposed B1 mapping method has wider B1 range compared to that of other B1 mapping methods. In addition, the proposed B1 mapping methods were compared to the multislice iterative signal intensity mapping method in both phantom and in vivo human experiments, and there was no remarkable difference between the two methods regarding the flip angle distribution in these experiments. Based on these results, this study demonstrated that the proposed B1 mapping method is suitable for accurately measuring B1 propagation under the condition providing reduced scan time and wider 3D coverage of B1 mapping by applying composite RF pulse and SER techniques into the phase-sensitive method

Dark to light! A new strategy for large Stokes shift dyes: coupling of dark donor with tunable high quantum yield acceptors

10.1039/c4sc01821dChemical Science5124812-481

The upholding of multilateralism idea and the efforts done by stakeholders

Multilateralism is the practice of promoting trade among several countries through agreements concerning quantity and price of commodities, as the Common Market, and sometimes, restrictive tariffs and goods from outsiders. In this paper, the difference of perception between the Westerns and the Asians on the idea of multilateralism would be looked into in details.Also, this paper highlighted a few points that include the relationship between the stakeholders and the force driving the upholding of multilateralism. Information on this topic are gathered by doing research on published and unpublished materials that dated back to the early formation of the idea so as to support the reliability of this research. In a nutshell, this research paper is highly informative in the field of multilateralism

Lung Metastasis from an Immature Teratoma of the Nasal Cavity Masquerading as Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

We report a case of small cell lung cancer that turned out to be a metastatic teratoma from the nasal cavity rather than a new primary cancer. A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with an immature teratoma of the nasal cavity with a predominant neuroblastomatous component. Small cell lung cancer was detected by bronchoscopic biopsy 21 months later, and it was treated with concurrent radiochemotherapy as if it had been a new primary cancer. Since a recurrent tumor containing fat-like density grew slowly on the serial chest CT scans after achieving complete response, we reached the conclusion that the small undifferentiated cells could be metastatic neuroblastomatous components from the immature teratoma of the nasal cavity

Analysis of Yield of Eleutherosides B and E in Acanthopanax divaricatus

An analysis of the yield of eleutherosides B and E in Acanthopanax divaricatus and A. koreanum was performed using high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate production by different cultivation methods. In A. divaricatus and A. koreanum, the total content of eleutherosides B and E was 2.466–7.360 mg/g varying by plant section, 3.886–11.506 mg/g by pinching site, 3.655–10.083 mg/g by planting time, and 3.652–10.108 mg/g by fertilizer ratio. Thus the total content of eleutherosides B and E in A. divaricatus and A. koreanum differed depending on cultivation methods. These results present useful information for high eleutheroside content applications in A. divaricatus and A. koreanum. This information can affect selection of plant section and cultivation methods for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical material development

Seq’ and ARMS shall find: DNA (meta)barcoding of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures across the tree of life uncovers hidden cryptobiome of tropical urban coral reefs

Coral reefs are among the richest marine ecosystems on Earth, but there remains much diversity hidden within cavities of complex reef structures awaiting discovery. While the abundance of corals and other macroinvertebrates are known to influence the diversity of other reef-associated organisms, much remains unknown on the drivers of cryptobenthic diversity. A combination of standardized sampling with 12 units of the Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure (ARMS) and high-throughput sequencing was utilized to uncover reef cryptobiome diversity across the equatorial reefs in Singapore. DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, nuclear 18S and bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed the taxonomic composition of the reef cryptobiome, comprising 15,356 microbial ASVs from over 50 bacterial phyla, and 971 MOTUs across 15 metazoan and 19 non-metazoan eukaryote phyla. Environmental factors across different sites were tested for relationships with ARMS diversity. Differences among reefs in diversity patterns of metazoans and other eukaryotes, but not microbial communities, were associated with biotic (coral cover) and abiotic (distance, temperature and sediment) environmental variables. In particular, ARMS deployed at reefs with higher coral cover had greater metazoan diversity and encrusting plate cover, with larger-sized non-coral invertebrates influencing spatial patterns among sites. Our study showed that DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of ARMS constitute a valuable tool for quantifying cryptobenthic diversity patterns and can provide critical information for the effective management of coral reef ecosystems

Seq’ and ARMS shall find: DNA (meta)barcoding of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures across the tree of life uncovers hidden cryptobiome of tropical urban coral reefs

Coral reefs are among the richest marine ecosystems on Earth, but there remains much diversity hidden within cavities of complex reef structures awaiting discovery. While the abundance of corals and other macroinvertebrates are known to influence the diversity of other reef-associated organisms, much remains unknown on the drivers of cryptobenthic diversity. A combination of standardized sampling with 12 units of the Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure (ARMS) and high-throughput sequencing was utilized to uncover reef cryptobiome diversity across the equatorial reefs in Singapore. DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, nuclear 18S and bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed the taxonomic composition of the reef cryptobiome, comprising 15,356 microbial ASVs from over 50 bacterial phyla, and 971 MOTUs across 15 metazoan and 19 non-metazoan eukaryote phyla. Environmental factors across different sites were tested for relationships with ARMS diversity. Differences among reefs in diversity patterns of metazoans and other eukaryotes, but not microbial communities, were associated with biotic (coral cover) and abiotic (distance, temperature and sediment) environmental variables. In particular, ARMS deployed at reefs with higher coral cover had greater metazoan diversity and encrusting plate cover, with larger-sized non-coral invertebrates influencing spatial patterns among sites. Our study showed that DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of ARMS constitute a valuable tool for quantifying cryptobenthic diversity patterns and can provide critical information for the effective management of coral reef ecosystems