Discrimination of Botanical Origin of Chan-thet, Chan-hom, Chan-chamot, Chan-khao and Chan-thana Using Chemical Test and Thin-layer Chromatography

Objective: To develop the method to discriminate the botanical origin of crude drugs named Chan-thet, Chan-hom, Chan-chamot, Chan-khao and Chan-thana. Methods: Heartwoods of Santalum album, S. spicatum, S. lanceolatum, Tarenna hoaensis, Mansonia gagei, Diospyros decandra and Myristica fragrans which were likely used as above mentioned crude drugs, were examined with various chemical test reactions. Their chemical fingerprints using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were also studied. Results: Each plant species gave different results on chemical tests and possessed unique TLC chromatograms. Conclusion: Heartwoods of all seven plant species could be discriminated by the reactions with vanillin/sulfuric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide solution and Liebermann-Burchard test. The results were confirmed by their TLC chromatograms developed from hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol (60:30:0.2) and dichloromethane-methanol-formic acid (60:10:1) as mobile phases and detected with vanillin/sulfuric acid spraying reagent. Keywords: Chan-thet, Chan-hom, Chan-chamot, Chan-khao, Chan-thana, chemical test, thin-layer chromatograph

Master Questions, Student Questions, and Genuine Questions: A Performative Analysis of Questions in Chan Encounter Dialogues

I want to know whether Chan masters and students depicted in classical Chan transmission literature can be interpreted as asking open (or what I will call “genuine”) questions. My task is significant because asking genuine questions appears to be a decisive factor in ascertaining whether these figures represent models for dialogue—the kind of dialogue championed in democratic society and valued by promoters of interreligious exchange. My study also contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of early Chan not only by detailing contrasts between contemporary interests and classical Chan, but more importantly by paying greater attention to the role language and rhetoric play in classical Chan. What roles do questions play in Chan encounter dialogues, and are any of the questions genuine? Is there anything about the conventions of the genre that keeps readers from interpreting some questions in this way? To address these topics, I will proceed as follows. First, on a global level and for critical-historical context, I survey Chan transmission literature of the Song dynasty in which encounter dialogues appear, and their role in developments of Chan/Zen traditions. Second, I zoom in on structural elements of encounter dialogues in particular as a genre. Third, aligning with the trajectory of performative analyses of Chan literature called for by Sharf and Faure, I turn to develop and criticize a performative model of questions from resources in recent analytic and continental philosophy of language and I apply that model to some questions in encounter dialogue literature

Black hole solutions in 2+1 dimensions

We give circularly symmetric solutions for null fluid collapse in 2+1-dimensional Einstein gravity with a cosmological constant. The fluid pressure $P$ and energy density $\rho$ are related by $P=k\rho$ $(k\le 1)$. The long time limit of the solutions are black holes whose horizon structures depend on the value of $k$. The $k=1$ solution is the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole metric in the long time static limit, while the $k<1$ solutions give other, `hairy' black hole metrics in this limit.Comment: 8 pages, RevTeX (to appear in Phys. Rev. D) References to Mann and Ross, and Mann, Chan and Chan adde

Joseph, Jehoiachin, and Cyrus: On Book Endings, Exoduses and Exiles, and Yehudite/Judean Social Remembering

In a recent ZAW article, Michael Chan argues that II Reg 25,27-30 alludes to Gen 40-41, and that this allusion provides a hermeneutical key for understanding the purpose of II Reg 25,27-30 in an Enneateuchal context: it points to an imminent exodus, a return from exile and a gathering of diaspora in the promised land. This article picks up where Chan left off, in order to flesh out some of the implications of his contribution. It argues that remembering exodus at the end of II Reg included hope, as Chan says, but also struggles and failure, punishment and death. Exodus is multivocal. Likewise, the end of II Reg contributes to a multivocal discourse concerning Davidic kingship, which included the end of Chronicles and prophetic literature. The diminution of Davidic kingship in II Reg 25,27-30 is balanced by other perspectives. The article concludes with an observation on the import of this multivocality for Yehudite social memory

Superflow in Solid 4He

Kim and Chan have recently observed Non-Classical Rotational Inertia (NCRI) for solid $^4$He in Vycor glass, gold film, and bulk. Their low $T$ value of the superfluid fraction, $\rho_{s}/\rho\approx0.015$, is consistent with what is known of the atomic delocalization in this quantum solid. By including a lattice mass density $\rho_{L}$ distinct from the normal fluid density $\rho_{n}$, we argue that $\rho_{s}(T)\approx\rho_{s}(0)-\rho_{n}(T)$, and we develop a model for the normal fluid density $\rho_{n}$ with contributions from longitudinal phonons and ``defectons'' (which dominate). The Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) and macroscopic phase inferred from NCRI implies quantum vortex lines and quantum vortex rings, which may explain the unusually low critical velocity and certain hysteretic phenomena.Comment: 4 page pdf, 1 figur

The number of cubic partitions modulo powers of 5

The notion of cubic partitions is introduced by Hei-Chi Chan and named by Byungchan Kim in connection with Ramanujan's cubic continued fractions. Chan proved that cubic partition function has Ramanujan Type congruences modulo powers of $3$. In a recent paper, William Y.C. Chen and Bernard L.S. Lin studied the congruent property of the cubic partition function modulo $5$. In this note, we give Ramanujan type congruences for cubic partition function modulo powers of $5$.Comment: 17 pages,Submitte

Boston Hospitality Review: Winter 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS: "Training: The Necessity of Error Management Training in the Hospitality Industry" by Priyanko Guchait; "Trends: Green Hotels: An Overview" by Minu Agarwal and Prashant Das; "Tourism: Panacea or peril? The implications of Neolocalism as a more intrusive form of tourism" by Makarand Mody and Kyle Koslowsky; "Restaurants: How Can Single-Unit Restaurants Strive for Powerful Online Presence?" by Leora Lanz and Jenna Berry; "Retention: Why Hoteliers Stay and Go: Future Oriented Thinking" by Sean McGinley; "Service Recovery: Failure is Not Fatal: Actionable Insights on Service Failure and Recovery for the Hospitality Industry" by Lisa C. Wan and Elisa Chan; "Research: A Detailed Study of the Expected and Actual Use of Hotel Amenities" by Chekitan S. Dev and Prateek Kumar

Pressure-driven flow of solid helium

The recent torsional oscillator results of Kim and Chan suggest a supersolid phase transition in solid 4He. We have used a piezoelectrically driven diaphragm to study the flow of solid helium through an array of capillaries. Our measurements showed no indication of low temperature flow, placing stringent restrictions on supersolid flow in response to a pressure difference. The average flow speed at low temperatures was less than 1.2x10-14 m/s, corresponding to a supersolid velocity at least 7 orders of magnitude smaller than the critical velocities inferred from the torsional oscillator measurements.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure