Pre-Congestion Notification Encoding Comparison

DiffServ mechanisms have been developed to support Quality of Service (QoS). However, the level of assurance that can be provided with DiffServ without substantial over-provisioning is limited. Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) investigates the use of per-flow admission control to provide the required service guarantees for the admitted traffic. While admission control will protect the QoS under\ud normal operating conditions, an additional flow termination mechanism is necessary in the times of heavy congestion (e.g. caused by route changes due to link or node failure).\ud Encoding and their transport are required to carry the congestion and pre-congestion information from the congestion and pre-congestion points to the decision points. This document provides a survey of\ud several encoding methods, using comparisons amongst them as a way to explain their strengths and weaknesses.\u

Extraordinary vacuum black string solutions

In addition to the boosted static solution there are two other classes of stationary string-like solutions of the vacuum Einstein equation in (4+1)-dimensions. Each class is characterized by three parameters of mass, tension, and momentum flow along the fifth coordinate. We analyze the metric properties of one of the two classes, which was previously assumed to be naked singular, and show that the solution spectrum contains black string and wormhole in addition to the known naked singularity as the momentum flow to mass ratio increases. Interestingly, there does not exist new zero momentum solution in these cases.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, add 2 reference

Computation of topside ionograms from N/h/ profiles

Computation of topside ionograms from electron concentration profile

Design and application of gas-gap heat switches

Gas-gap heat switches can serve as an effective means of thermally disconnecting a standby cryocooler when the primary (operating) cooler is connected and vice versa. The final phase of the development and test of a cryogenic heat switch designed for loads ranging from 2 watts at 8 K, to 100 watts at 80 K are described. Achieved heat-switch on/off conductance ratio ranged from 11,000 at 8 K to 2200 at 80 K. A particularly challenging element of heat-switch design is achieving satisfactory operation when large temperatures differentials exist across the switch. A special series of tests and analyses was conducted and used in this Phase-2 activity to evaluate the developed switches for temperature differentials ranging up to 200 K. Problems encountered at the maximum levels are described and analyzed, and means of avoiding the problems in the future are presented. A comprehensive summary of the overall heat-switch design methodology is also presented with special emphasis on lessons learned over the course of the 4-year development effort

Anomalous Rashba spin-orbit interaction in InAs/GaSb quantum wells

We investigate theoretically the Rashba spin-orbit interaction in InAs/GaSb quantum wells(QWs). We find that the Rashba spin-splitting (RSS) depends sensitively on the thickness of the InAs layer. The RSS exhibits nonlinear behavior for narrow InAs/GaSb QWs and the oscillating feature for wide InAs/GaSb QWs. The nonlinear and oscillating behaviors arise from the weakened and enhanced interband coupling. The RSS also show asymmetric features respect to the direction of the external electric field.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures. Appl. Phys. Lett. (in press

Spin-dependent tunneling through a symmetric semiconductor barrier: the Dresselhaus effect

Spin-dependent tunneling through a symmetric semiconductor barrier is studied including the k^3 Dresselhaus effect. The spin-dependent transmission of electron can be obtained analytically. By comparing with previous work(Phys. Rev. B 67. R201304 (2003) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 93. 056601 (2004)), it is shown that the spin polarization and interface current are changed significantly by including the off-diagonal elements in the current operator, and can be enhanced considerably by the Dresselhaus effect in the contact regions.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, to appear in PR

An Efficient Block Circulant Preconditioner For Simulating Fracture Using Large Fuse Networks

{\it Critical slowing down} associated with the iterative solvers close to the critical point often hinders large-scale numerical simulation of fracture using discrete lattice networks. This paper presents a block circlant preconditioner for iterative solvers for the simulation of progressive fracture in disordered, quasi-brittle materials using large discrete lattice networks. The average computational cost of the present alorithm per iteration is $O(rs log s) + delops$, where the stiffness matrix ${\bf A}$ is partioned into $r$-by-$r$ blocks such that each block is an $s$-by-$s$ matrix, and $delops$ represents the operational count associated with solving a block-diagonal matrix with $r$-by-$r$ dense matrix blocks. This algorithm using the block circulant preconditioner is faster than the Fourier accelerated preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm, and alleviates the {\it critical slowing down} that is especially severe close to the critical point. Numerical results using random resistor networks substantiate the efficiency of the present algorithm.Comment: 16 pages including 2 figure

J-Class Abelian Semigroups of Matrices on C^n and Hypercyclicity

We give a characterization of hypercyclic finitely generated abelian semigroups of matrices on C^n using the extended limit sets (the J-sets). Moreover we construct for any n\geq 2 an abelian semigroup G of GL(n;C) generated by n + 1 diagonal matrices which is locally hypercyclic but not hypercyclic and such that JG(e_k) = C^n for every k = 1; : : : ; n, where (e_1; : : : ; e_n) is the canonical basis of C^n. This gives a negative answer to a question raised by Costakis and Manoussos.Comment: 10 page