452 research outputs found
Universal Parametric Correlations of Conductance Peaks in Quantum Dots
We compute the parametric correlation function of the conductance peaks in
chaotic and weakly disordered quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime and
demonstrate its universality upon an appropriate scaling of the parameter. For
a symmetric dot we show that this correlation function is affected by breaking
time-reversal symmetry but is independent of the details of the channels in the
external leads. We derive a new scaling which depends on the eigenfunctions
alone and can be extracted directly from the conductance peak heights. Our
results are in excellent agreement with model simulations of a disordered
quantum dot.Comment: 12 pages, RevTex, 2 Postscript figure
Mesoscopic Fluctuations of Elastic Cotunneling in Coulomb Blockaded Quantum Dots
We report measurements of mesoscopic fluctuations of elastic cotunneling in
Coulomb blockaded quantum dots. Unlike resonant tunneling on Coulomb peaks,
cotunneling in the valleys is sensitive to charging effects. We observe a
larger magnetic field scale for the cotunneling (valley) fluctuations compared
to the peaks, as well as an absence of "weak localization" (reduced conductance
at B = 0) in valleys. Cotunneling fluctuations remain correlated over several
valleys while peak conductance correlations decreases quickly.Comment: 9 pages, postscript (includes 4 figs). To be published in PR
Semiclassical analysis of the quantum interference corrections to the conductance of mesoscopic systems
The Kubo formula for the conductance of a mesoscopic system is analyzed
semiclassically, yielding simple expressions for both weak localization and
universal conductance fluctuations. In contrast to earlier work which dealt
with times shorter than , here longer times are taken to
give the dominant contributions. For such long times, many distinct classical
orbits may obey essentially the same initial and final conditions on positions
and momenta, and the interference between pairs of such orbits is analyzed.
Application to a chain of classically ergodic scatterers connected in
series gives the following results: for the
weak localization correction to the zero--temperature dimensionless
conductance, and for the variance of its
fluctuations. These results interpolate between the well known ones of random
scattering matrices for , and those of the one--dimensional diffusive wire
for .Comment: 53 pages, using RevTeX, plus 3 postscript figures mailed separately.
A short version of this work is available as cond-mat/950207
Statistical Analysis of Magnetic Field Spectra
We have calculated and statistically analyzed the magnetic-field spectrum
(the ``B-spectrum'') at fixed electron Fermi energy for two quantum dot systems
with classically chaotic shape. This is a new problem which arises naturally in
transport measurements where the incoming electron has a fixed energy while one
tunes the magnetic field to obtain resonance conductance patterns. The
``B-spectrum'', defined as the collection of values at which
conductance takes extremal values, is determined by a quadratic
eigenvalue equation, in distinct difference to the usual linear eigenvalue
problem satisfied by the energy levels. We found that the lower part of the
``B-spectrum'' satisfies the distribution belonging to Gaussian Unitary
Ensemble, while the higher part obeys a Poisson-like behavior. We also found
that the ``B-spectrum'' fluctuations of the chaotic system are consistent with
the results we obtained from random matrices
Ions in mixed dielectric solvents: density profiles and osmotic pressure between charged interfaces
The forces between charged macromolecules, usually given in terms of osmotic
pressure, are highly affected by the intervening ionic solution. While in most
theoretical studies the solution is treated as a homogeneous structureless
dielectric medium, recent experimental studies concluded that, for a bathing
solution composed of two solvents (binary mixture), the osmotic pressure
between charged macromolecules is affected by the binary solvent composition.
By adding local solvent composition terms to the free energy, we obtain a
general expression for the osmotic pressure, in planar geometry and within the
mean-field framework. The added effect is due to the permeability inhomogeneity
and nonelectrostatic short-range interactions between the ions and solvents
(preferential solvation). This effect is mostly pronounced at small distances
and leads to a reduction in the osmotic pressure for macromolecular separations
of the order 1--2 nm. Furthermore, it leads to a depletion of one of the two
solvents from the charged macromolecules (modeled as planar interfaces).
Lastly, by comparing the theoretical results with experimental ones, an
explanation based on preferential solvation is offered for recent experiments
on the osmotic pressure of DNA solutions.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
Universal Correlations of Coulomb Blockade Conductance Peaks and the Rotation Scaling in Quantum Dots
We show that the parametric correlations of the conductance peak amplitudes
of a chaotic or weakly disordered quantum dot in the Coulomb blockade regime
become universal upon an appropriate scaling of the parameter. We compute the
universal forms of this correlator for both cases of conserved and broken time
reversal symmetry. For a symmetric dot the correlator is independent of the
details in each lead such as the number of channels and their correlation. We
derive a new scaling, which we call the rotation scaling, that can be computed
directly from the dot's eigenfunction rotation rate or alternatively from the
conductance peak heights, and therefore does not require knowledge of the
spectrum of the dot. The relation of the rotation scaling to the level velocity
scaling is discussed. The exact analytic form of the conductance peak
correlator is derived at short distances. We also calculate the universal
distributions of the average level width velocity for various values of the
scaled parameter. The universality is illustrated in an Anderson model of a
disordered dot.Comment: 35 pages, RevTex, 6 Postscript figure
The Thermopower of Quantum Chaos
The thermovoltage of a chaotic quantum dot is measured using a current
heating technique. The fluctuations in the thermopower as a function of
magnetic field and dot shape display a non-Gaussian distribution, in agreement
with simulations using Random Matrix Theory. We observe no contributions from
weak localization or short trajectories in the thermopower.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, corrected: accidently omitted author in the
Authors list, here (not in the article
Transport spectroscopy in a time-modulated open quantum dot
We have investigated the time-modulated coherent quantum transport phenomena
in a ballistic open quantum dot. The conductance and the electron dwell
time in the dots are calculated by a time-dependent mode-matching method. Under
high-frequency modulation, the traversing electrons are found to exhibit three
types of resonant scatterings. They are intersideband scatterings: into
quasibound states in the dots, into true bound states in the dots, and into
quasibound states just beneath the subband threshold in the leads. Dip
structures or fano structures in are their signatures. Our results show
structures due to 2 intersideband processes. At the above
scattering resonances, we have estimated, according to our dwell time
calculation, the number of round-trip scatterings that the traversing electrons
undertake between the two dot openings.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Distributions of the Conductance and its Parametric Derivatives in Quantum Dots
Full distributions of conductance through quantum dots with single-mode leads
are reported for both broken and unbroken time-reversal symmetry. Distributions
are nongaussian and agree well with random matrix theory calculations that
account for a finite dephasing time, , once broadening due to finite
temperature is also included. Full distributions of the derivatives of
conductance with respect to gate voltage are also investigated.Comment: 4 pages (REVTeX), 4 eps figure
Signatures of Chaos in the Statistical Distribution of Conductance Peaks in Quantum Dots
Analytical expressions for the width and conductance peak distributions of
irregularly shaped quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime are presented in
the limits of conserved and broken time-reversal symmetry. The results are
obtained using random matrix theory and are valid in general for any number of
non-equivalent and correlated channels, assuming that the underlying classical
dynamic of the electrons in the dot is chaotic or that the dot is weakly
disordered. The results are expressed in terms of the channel correlation
matrix which for chaotic systems is given in closed form for both point-like
contacts and extended leads. We study the dependence of the distributions on
the number of channels and their correlations. The theoretical distributions
are in good agreement with those computed in a dynamical model of a chaotic
billiard.Comment: 19 pages, RevTex, 11 Postscript figure
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