331 research outputs found
Soccer: is scoring goals a predictable Poissonian process?
The non-scientific event of a soccer match is analysed on a strictly
scientific level. The analysis is based on the recently introduced concept of a
team fitness (Eur. Phys. J. B 67, 445, 2009) and requires the use of
finite-size scaling. A uniquely defined function is derived which
quantitatively predicts the expected average outcome of a soccer match in terms
of the fitness of both teams. It is checked whether temporary fitness
fluctuations of a team hamper the predictability of a soccer match.
To a very good approximation scoring goals during a match can be
characterized as independent Poissonian processes with pre-determined
expectation values. Minor correlations give rise to an increase of the number
of draws. The non-Poissonian overall goal distribution is just a consequence of
the fitness distribution among different teams. The limits of predictability of
soccer matches are quantified. Our model-free classification of the underlying
ingredients determining the outcome of soccer matches can be generalized to
different types of sports events
Non-BPS D8-branes and Dynamic Domain Walls in Massive IIA Supergravities
We study the D8-branes of the Romans massive IIA supergravity theory using
the coupled supergravity and worldvolume actions. D8 branes can be regarded as
domain walls with the jump in the extrinsic curvature at the brane given by the
Israel matching conditions. We examine the restrictions that these conditions
place on extreme and non-extreme solutions and find that they rule out some of
the supersymmetric solutions given by Bergshoeff {\em et al}. We consider what
happens when the dilaton varies on the worldvolume of the brane, which implies
that the brane is no longer static. We obtain a family of D8-brane solutions
parametrized by a non-extremality term on each side of the brane and the
asymptotic values of the 10-form field. The non-extremality parameters can be
related to the velocity of the brane. We also study 8-brane solutions of a
massive IIA supergravity theory introduced by Howe, Lambert and West. This
theory also admits a 10-form formulation, but the 10-form is not a R-R sector
field and so these 8-branes are not D-branes.Comment: 23 pages REVTeX, 2 .eps figures. This paper completely replaces and
extends an earlier paper (hep-th/9712112) by Chamblin and Perr
A Bestiary of Higher Dimensional Taub-NUT-AdS Spacetimes
We present a menagerie of solutions to the vacuum Einstein equations in six,
eight and ten dimensions. These solutions describe spacetimes which are either
locally asymptotically adS or locally asymptotically flat, and which have
non-trivial topology. We discuss the global structure of these solutions, and
their relevance within the context of M-theory.Comment: 11 pages, LaTex(v4: Comments and references added
Branes on the Brane
We show that four-dimensional N=2 ungauged Einstein-Maxwell supergravity can
be embedded on the Randall-Sundrum 3-brane, as a consistent Kaluza-Klein
reduction of five-dimensional N=4 gauged supergravity. In particular, this
allows us to describe four-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom black holes within
the Randall-Sundrum scenario. Using earlier results on the embedding of
five-dimensional N=4 gauged supergravity in ten dimensions, we can then
describe the four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell supergravity on the 3-brane, and
its solutions, from a type IIB viewpoint. We also show that the minimal
ungauged supergravities in D=5 and D=6 can be consistently embedded in the
half-maximally supersymmetric gauged supergravities in D=6 and D=7
respectively. These allow us to construct solutions including BPS black holes
and strings living in "Randall-Sundrum 4-branes," and BPS self-dual strings
living in "Randall-Sundrum 5-branes." We can also lift the embeddings to
ten-dimensional massive type IIA and D=11 supergravity respectively. In
particular, we obtain a solution describing the self-dual string living in the
world-volume of an M5-brane, which can be viewed as an open membrane ending on
the M5-brane.Comment: Latex, 19 pages. Comments added and typos correcte
Abelian Higgs Hair for a Static Charged Black String
We study the problem of vortex solutions in the background of an electrically
charged black string. We show numerically that the Abelian Higgs field
equations in the background of a four-dimensional black string have vortex
solutions. These solutions which have axial symmetry, show that the black
string can support the Abelian Higgs field as hair. This situation holds also
in the case of the extremal black string. We also consider the self-gravity of
the Abelian Higgs field and show that the effect of the vortex is to induce a
deficit angle in the metric under consideration.Comment: REVTEX4, 12 pages, 6 figures, The version to be appeared in Phys.
Rev.
Relativistic Stars in Randall-Sundrum Gravity
The non-linear behaviour of Randall-Sundrum gravity with one brane is
examined. Due to the non-compact extra dimension, the perturbation spectrum has
no mass gap, and the long wavelength effective theory is only understood
perturbatively. The full 5-dimensional Einstein equations are solved
numerically for static, spherically symmetric matter localized on the brane,
yielding regular geometries in the bulk with axial symmetry. An elliptic
relaxation method is used, allowing both the brane and asymptotic radiation
boundary conditions to be simultaneously imposed. The same data that specifies
stars in 4-dimensional gravity, uniquely constructs a 5-dimensional solution.
The algorithm performs best for small stars (radius less than the AdS length)
yielding highly non-linear solutions. An upper mass limit is observed for these
small stars, and the geometry shows no global pathologies. The geometric
perturbation is shown to remain localized near the brane at high densities, the
confinement interestingly increasing for both small and large stars as the
upper mass limit is approached. Furthermore, the static spatial sections are
found to be approximately conformal to those of AdS. We show that the intrinsic
geometry of large stars, with radius several times the AdS length, is described
by 4-dimensional General Relativity far past the perturbative regime. This
indicates that the non-linear long wavelength effective action remains local,
even though the perturbation spectrum has no mass gap. The implication is that
Randall-Sundrum gravity, with localized brane matter, reproduces relativistic
astrophysical solutions, such as neutron stars and massive black holes,
consistent with observation.Comment: 57 pages, 26 (colour) figures; minor typos corrected, references
added and introduction condense
Radion Potential and Brane Dynamics
We examine the cosmology of the Randall-Sundrum model in a dynamic setting
where scalar fields are present in the bulk as well as the branes. This
generates a mechanism similar to that of Goldberger-Wise for radion
stabilization and the recovery of late-cosmology features in the branes. Due to
the induced radion dynamics, the inflating branes roll towards the minimum of
the radion potential, thereby exiting inflation and reheating the Universe. In
the slow roll part of the potential, the 'TeV' branes have maximum inflation
rate and energy as their coupling to the radion and bulk modes have minimum
suppresion. Hence, when rolling down the steep end of the potential towards the
stable point, the radion field (which appears as the inflaton of the effective
4D theory in the branes) decays very fast, reheats the Universe .This process
results decayin a decrease of brane's canonical vacuum energy .
However, at the minimum of the potential is small but not
neccessarily zero and the fine-tuning issue remains .Density perturbation
constraints introduce an upper bound when the radion stabilizies. Due to the
large radion mass and strong suppression to the bulk modes, moduli problems and
bulk reheating do not occur. The reheat temperature and a sufficient number of
e-folding constraints for the brane-universe are also satisfied. The model
therefore recovers the radiation dominated FRW universe.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures,extraneous sentences removed, 2 footnotes added,
some typos correcte
Gravitational and electromagnetic fields near an anti-de Sitter-like infinity
We analyze asymptotic structure of general gravitational and electromagnetic
fields near an anti-de Sitter-like conformal infinity. Dependence of the
radiative component of the fields on a null direction along which the infinity
is approached is obtained. The directional pattern of outgoing and ingoing
radiation, which supplements standard peeling property, is determined by the
algebraic (Petrov) type of the fields and also by orientation of principal null
directions with respect to the timelike infinity. The dependence on the
orientation is a new feature if compared to spacelike infinity.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
On the Thermodynamic Geometry and Critical Phenomena of AdS Black Holes
In this paper, we study various aspects of the equilibrium thermodynamic
state space geometry of AdS black holes. We first examine the
Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS (RN-AdS) and the Kerr-AdS black holes. In this context,
the state space scalar curvature of these black holes is analysed in various
regions of their thermodynamic parameter space. This provides important new
insights into the structure and significance of the scalar curvature. We
further investigate critical phenomena, and the behaviour of the scalar
curvature near criticality, for KN-AdS black holes in two mixed ensembles,
introduced and elucidated in our earlier work arXiv:1002.2538 [hep-th]. The
critical exponents are identical to those in the RN-AdS and Kerr-AdS cases in
the canonical ensemble. This suggests an universality in the scaling behaviour
near critical points of AdS black holes. Our results further highlight
qualitative differences in the thermodynamic state space geometry for electric
charge and angular momentum fluctuations of these.Comment: 1 + 37 Pages, LaTeX, includes 31 figures. A figure and a
clarification added
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