Table builder problem - confidentiality for linked tables

The aim of this project is to investigate solutions to the problem of improving access to detailed survey data, while ensuring no person or organisation is likely to be identified, or otherwise put at risk of having their data disclosed, and to link general findings back to the ABS Table Builder problem. We focussed on making contributions in two main areas, namely: 1. Identification of sensitive cells in a table, 2. Maximizing data utility and minimising information loss - ensuring the table provides useful information

Non-lexical vocables in Scottish traditional music

In this thesis I examine the non-lexical vocables, or syllables without semantic content which appear as a feature of virtually every genre of Scottish traditional music. The term 'nonsense syllables' is avoided because the vocables in question often convey as specific a musical meaning as words do semantic meaning.The Introduction demonstrates that such non-lexical vocables are not a musical phenomenon unique to Scotland, and introduces the various categories of the genre. The two main types are 'Improvisatory', or vocables improvised by the performer; and 'Jelled', that is vocables composed as the chorus of a song and repeated by rote by the performer. In the former category, the main division is between vocables associated with the bagpipes (canntaireachd) and all other types of vocables (diddling). In the latter category the division is between vocables appearing in Scots and Gaelic song.Chapters I and II define and describe these various categories (six in all) and discuss the varying uses to which they are put in differing contexts. The uses referred to are: pedagogic, mnemonic, as general musical communication, as a performance medium, for dancing, by children (musical experimentation), with children (musical enculturation), and in vocable refrains-in song. Chapter II concludes with a discussion of the variable status of vocabelising (i. e. the practice of singing in vocables), which status is linked to the use most prevalent in the contexts in which an informant hears vocabelising.Chapters III and IV are a phonetic and musical analysis of, respectively, 'Improvisatory' and 'felled' vocables. The first section in Chapter III introduces several phonological concepts basic to an understanding of the analysis. Points covered in the remainder of the chapters are: categorical and individual sound inventories (i. e. which singers use what sounds to make up vocables? ), syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships within the vocable (i. e. how are the sounds combined into vocables? ), syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships among the vocables (i. e. how are the vocables combined into phrases? ) as well as, in Chapter IV, a discussion of rhyme schemes, patterns of phrases, synchronic and diachronic variants, and the relationship of text and melody to vocable refrains.Chapter V is a discussion of the functions of vocabelising, beginning with a discussion of the interdependent nature of musical functions, the essentially expressive/communicative nature of music, and the inseparability of musical meaning and cultural context. The functions of vocabelising are discussed in relation to context, with separate sections on the functions vocabelising serves pipers and on the integrative effect of vocabelising. Chapter VI contains a summary and conclusions, including a discussion of the tangible differences between a vocable and an instrumental/vocal rendition of a piece of traditional music.This thesis was conceived and written by myself, with assistance as acknowledged in the text

Tourism and decolonisation: locating research and self

This paper critically explores decolonial theory and its relevance for tourism studies. We suggest that while postcolonial and related critical theoretical perspectives furthered understandings of the consequences of colonisation, such critical theorising has not provided an epistemological perspective of tourism which legitimises the cosmologies of, and actively empowers, traditionally marginalised groupings. We review published tourism research which adopts critical and postcolonial perspectives, and argue that while these have been valuable in terms of exposing the existence and effects of dominant discourses and practices in tourism, their emancipatory objectives are limited because tourism knowledge is still predominantly colonial. Epistemological decolonisation is thus presented as a more radical project which can provide an ‘other’ way of thinking, being and knowing about tourism. Keywords: colonial; decolonisation; decolonial theory; de-linking; epistemological; postcolonia

Bullying and the inclusive school environment

As Australian education departments and teacher education institutions become aware of international trends, they are keen to implement quickly pedagogical and curriculum changes that are being promoted as best practice for schools of the twenty-first century. One such recent change has been the inclusivity movement. There remain, however, many unresolved issues for teachers that fall outside these new paradigm shifts but still require urgent attention

A Comparison of Maternal versus Paternal Nonverbal Behavior During Child Pain

Parental behavior plays a significant role in children's pain response. Prior research has found generally no differences between mothers’ and fathers’ verbal behavior during child pain. This study compared mothers’ and fathers’ nonverbal behavior during child pain. Nonverbal behavior of mothers (n= 39) and fathers (n= 39) of 39 children (20 boys) aged 8 to 12 years who participated in the cold pressor task (counterbalanced once with each parent) was coded. A range of nonverbal behaviors were coded, including distraction, physical proximity, physical comfort/reassurance, procedure-related attending behavior, and fidgeting. The most common behaviors parents engaged in were fidgeting, procedure-related attending behaviors, and physical proximity. Results indicated that the types of nonverbal behavior parents engage in did not differ between mothers and fathers. However, children of mothers who engaged in more physical comfort/reassurance reported higher levels of pain intensity, and children of mothers who engaged in more procedure-related attending behaviors had lower pain tolerance. Further, both mothers and fathers who engaged in higher levels of verbal nonattending behaviors also engaged in lower levels of nonverbal procedure-related attending behaviors. These findings further support the importance of considering the influence of mothers and fathers in children's pain, and provide novel insights into the role of nonverbal behavior

Catastrophic thinking about pain: A critical appraisal highlighting the importance of the social context and balance

Numerous research studies have shown that endorsing a catastrophic interpretation about pain is associated with deleterious outcomes, such as higher levels of distress, pain intensity and disability for the person in pain. The fear-avoidance model has been found to be useful in explaining these associations by stressing that heightened feelings of distress and behaviour aimed at reducing or avoiding pain might be adaptive in an acute pain context but can become maladaptive when the pain becomes chronic. Pain is rarely a private event and the communal coping model underscores that the heightened pain expression in people endorsing catastrophic thoughts about pain could have a social, communicative function of eliciting empathic responses in others. However, these models are not all-encompassing. In particular, neither of the models takes into account the growing evidence indicating that catastrophic thinking in observers can also impact their emotional experience and behaviour in response to the other’s pain. Moreover, the context of multiple goals in which pain and pain behaviour occurs is largely ignored in both models. In this article we present an integrative perspective on catastrophic thinking that takes into account the social system and interplay between different goals people in pain and observers might pursue (e.g., school/work performance, leisure, social engagement). Specifically, this integrative perspective stresses the importance of considering the bidirectional influence between catastrophic thoughts in the person experiencing pain and observers. Furthermore, the importance of balance between pain-relief and other important goals as well as in the level of catastrophic thoughts in understanding the maladaptive influence of catastrophic thinking will be underlined. Clinical implications and future research directions of this integrated perspective are discussed

Commentary: Impact of an interdisciplinary and international research training initiative: the Pain in Child Health program

First paragraph: The field of pediatric pain has grown substantially since its inception in the early 1980s, which is reflected in an increasing number of publications, key textbooks, international meetings and training programs. We recently published a review summarizing meta-trend and bibliometric characteristics of the pediatric pain literature between 1975 and 2010, which confirmed a continuous, substantial increase in published research on pain processes in children between 0 and 18 years. The majority of the literature investigated pain characterization, intervention or assessment techniques in clinical samples of children between 6 and 18 years (Caes et al., 2016). A strength of our comprehensive review is the freely available dataset, which allows for more indepth analyses that go beyond the general conclusions drawn in the paper