2,498 research outputs found
Stability of the Submillimeter Brightness of the Atmosphere Above Mauna Kea, Chajnantor and the South Pole
The summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii, the area near Cerro Chajnantor in Chile,
and the South Pole are sites of large millimeter or submillimeter wavelength
telescopes. We have placed 860 GHz sky brightness monitors at all three sites
and present a comparative study of the measured submillimeter brightness due to
atmospheric thermal emission. We report the stability of that quantity at each
site.Comment: 6 figure
RDF Querying
Reactive Web systems, Web services, and Web-based publish/
subscribe systems communicate events as XML messages, and in
many cases require composite event detection: it is not sufficient to react
to single event messages, but events have to be considered in relation to
other events that are received over time.
Emphasizing language design and formal semantics, we describe the
rule-based query language XChangeEQ for detecting composite events.
XChangeEQ is designed to completely cover and integrate the four complementary
querying dimensions: event data, event composition, temporal
relationships, and event accumulation. Semantics are provided as
model and fixpoint theories; while this is an established approach for rule
languages, it has not been applied for event queries before
Stochastic backgrounds in alternative theories of gravity: overlap reduction functions for pulsar timing arrays
In the next decade gravitational waves might be detected using a pulsar
timing array. In an effort to develop optimal detection strategies for
stochastic backgrounds of gravitational waves in generic metric theories of
gravity, we investigate the overlap reduction functions for these theories and
discuss their features. We show that the sensitivity to non-transverse
gravitational waves is greater than the sensitivity to transverse gravitational
waves and discuss the physical origin of this effect. We calculate the overlap
reduction functions for the current NANOGrav Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) and show
that the sensitivity to the vector and scalar-longitudinal modes can increase
dramatically for pulsar pairs with small angular separations. For example, the
J1853+1303-J1857+0943 pulsar pair, with an angular separation of about 3
degrees, is about 10^4 times more sensitive to the longitudinal component of
the stochastic background, if it is present, than the transverse components.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, published in Physical Review D 85 (082001), 201
Theory of Thermodynamic Magnetic Oscillations in Quasi-One-Dimensional Conductors
The second order correction to free energy due to the interaction between
electrons is calculated for a quasi-one-dimensional conductor exposed to a
magnetic field perpendicular to the chains. It is found that specific heat,
magnetization and torque oscillate when the magnetic field is rotated in the
plane perpendicular to the chains or when the magnitude of magnetic filed is
changed. This new mechanism of thermodynamic magnetic oscillations in metals,
which is not related to the presence of any closed electron orbits, is applied
to explain behavior of the organic conductor (TMTSF)ClO.Comment: 11 pages + 5 figures (included
Stretched exponential relaxation in the mode-coupling theory for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation
We study the mode-coupling theory for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in the
strong-coupling regime, focusing on the long time properties. By a saddle point
analysis of the mode-coupling equations, we derive exact results for the
correlation function in the long time limit - a limit which is hard to study
using simulations. The correlation function at wavevector k in dimension d is
found to behave asymptotically at time t as C(k,t)\simeq 1/k^{d+4-2z}
(Btk^z)^{\gamma/z} e^{-(Btk^z)^{1/z}}, with \gamma=(d-1)/2, A a determined
constant and B a scale factor.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages, 1 figur
Digital extension, price risk, and farm performance: experimental evidence from Nigeria
Open Access Article; Published online: 09 Jun 2021Despite decades of investment in agricultural extension, technology adoption among farmers and agricultural productivity growth in Sub-Saharan Africa remain slow. Among other shortcomings, extension systems often make recommendations that do not account for price risk or spatial heterogeneity in farmers' growing conditions. However, little is known about the effectiveness of extension approaches for nutrient management that consider these issues. We analyze the impact of farmers' access to site-specific nutrient management recommendations and to information on expected returns, provided through a digital decision support tool, for maize production. We implement a randomized controlled trial among smallholders in the maize belt of northern Nigeria. We use three waves of annual panel data to estimate immediate and longer term effects of two different extension treatments: site-specific recommendations with and without complementary information about variability in output prices and expected returns. We find that site-specific nutrient management recommendations improve fertilizer management practices and maize yields but do not necessarily increase fertilizer use. In addition, we find that recommendations that are accompanied by additional information about variability in expected returns induce larger fertilizer investments that persist beyond the first year. However, the magnitudes of these effects are small: we find only incremental increases in investments and net revenues over two treatment years
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