8,061 research outputs found
On the psychological basis of economics and social psychology
Neoclassical economic theory, with its roots (partly) in the marginal revolution of the Nineteenth Century, has been the dominant paradigm for economic thought throughout most of the Twentieth Century?up to the present day. However, for the past several decades economists have been deeply divided on the validity of neoclassical theory, thereby rendering the discipline less effective than it could be in helping to understand socio-economic change. A mathematical synthesis of prominent contributions to psychological and economic theory since the mid-Nineteenth Century has emerged in recent years, resulting in a substantive formulation of individual behavior. Rather than incorrectly assign utility directly to consumables thereby excluding time as an essential parameter, as is the case in mainstream economic theory, this new methodology assigns instantaneous utility exclusively to the expected (intertemporal) process-of-knowing attending mental/physical activity. The result is a canonical theory that represents the expectational and?barring surprise?actual time-dependent interaction of the individual with his environment, including other agents. The paper will provide an overview of basic and applied theory, and its relation to the mainstream and Austrian schools. Applications at the microeconomic level, including the psychological contribution to the real interest rate and the essential relationship between capital and labor, will be addressed. Also discussed will be the initial perceptions yielded by this new mathematical theory on the social psychology of group behavior, including the social-identity approach. New results will be provided on capital function, the etiology of interest rates, the nature of value, the determination of market prices, and other topics of interest.
A discourse analysis of Gender Perceptions, Twitter, the 2018 Progressive Convervative Leadership Race, and the 2018 Provincial Election
The research seeks to bring awareness to how online discourse on Twitter can contribute to the reinforcement of unequal power relations against female electoral candidates. This project is a discourse analysis of gender perceptions of the 2018 Progressive Conservative Leadership Race and the 2018 provincial election as portrayed on Twitter. Using understandings of Liberal Feminism and Intersectionality, this project demonstrates the struggle of gender discrimination against women in political life and attempts to recognize the efforts of women attempting to shatter the glass ceiling. The findings suggest female candidates experienced Twitter as a gendered and bullying platform, while male candidates were shown an underlying value for “maleness.” The purpose of the study was to raise awareness of the realities facing female candidates and politicians who are women both on and off Twitter. This research added to the discussion of women in politics, media, and gender
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ATTITUDINAL ATTACHMENT TO THE MALE BREADWINNER ROLE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE PLYMOUTH TRAVEL-TO-WORK AREA
This thesis is concerned with men's attitudes towards the breadwinner role. A
representative sample of 330 men, aged between 17 and 84, and drawn from the Plymouth
Travel-To-Work Area, participated in the study by completing a postal questionnaire. The
aim of the study was to explore attachment to the breadwinner role, and to discover if
greater or lesser attachment exists among particular socio-demographic or socio-economic
clusters. The quantitative approach and the application of a random sample distinguish this
study from those in the literature concerned with 'men and masculinities'.
The study applies an empirical perspective to overview the trajectory of the breadwinner
family in Britain from the early industrial to the contemporary period. It is argued that
although there have been peaks and troughs in the extent to which British families have
been financially supported by a sole male provider, the breadwinner role continues to be an
important ideological tool. It is suggested that the 'male as provider' doctrine shapes the
internal dynamics of various familial arrangements.
Only a handful of men are found to support a strict gender-coded division of labour in the
household and labour market. The respondent's age is the strongest explanatory factor.
Among those demonstrating lesser attachment, attitudes towards the breadwinner role are
noted to be contextual and inconsistent. Greater support is also found for the traditional
female role than the male role. It is argued that these findings represent new contributions
to the debates. They are applied to challenge claims that the growth of the 'dual-earner'
family has diminished the relevance of the breadwinner role in contemporary society. In
doing so, this study concludes that many men maintain a dominant position in various
family types, and a gendered distribution of privilege and inequality continues to shape
men's and women's respective experiences of 'the family'
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Trichotillomania and Skin-Picking Disorder: Different Kinds of OCD
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Psychiatric Association via http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.130212Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) and skin-picking disorder are common neuropsychiatric disorders but are underrecognized by professionals. Affected individuals repeatedly pull out their own hair or pick at their skin, and these symptoms not only have a negative impact on the individual because of the time they occupy but also can lead to considerable physical disfigurement, with concomitant loss of self-esteem and avoidance of social activities and intimate relationships. The behaviors may also have potentially serious physical consequences. Trichotillomania and skin picking frequently co-occur, and both disorders commonly present with co-occurring depression or anxiety. Currently, behavioral therapy appears to be the most effective treatment of both disorders. Pharmacotherapy in the form of N-acetylcysteine or olanzapine may play a role in treatment as well.This research was supported by a grant from the National Center for Responsible Gaming to Dr. Grant. Dr. Chamberlain’s involvement in this work was funded by a grant from the Academy of Medical Sciences, UK
Expanding the definition of addiction: DSM-5 vs. ICD-11.
While considerable efforts have been made to understand the neurobiological basis of substance addiction, the potentially "addictive" qualities of repetitive behaviors, and whether such behaviors constitute "behavioral addictions," is relatively neglected. It has been suggested that some conditions, such as gambling disorder, compulsive stealing, compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behavior, and problem Internet use, have phenomenological and neurobiological parallels with substance use disorders. This review considers how the issue of "behavioral addictions" has been handled by latest revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), leading to somewhat divergent approaches. We also consider key areas for future research in order to address optimal diagnostic classification and treatments for such repetitive, debilitating behaviors.Wellcome-trust and Academy of Medical Sciences
Material Characterization and Real-Time Wear Evaluation of Pistons and Cylinder Liners of the Tiger 131 Military Tank
Material characterisation and wear evaluation of the original and replacement pistons and cylinder-liners of Tiger 131 is reported. Original piston and cylinder-liner were operative in the Tigers’ engine during WWII. The replacement piston and cylinder-liner were used as substitutes and were obtained after failure in two hours of operation in the actual engine. Material characterisation revealed that the original piston was aluminium silicon hypereutectic alloy whereas the replacement piston was aluminium copper alloy with very low silicon content. Both original and replacement cylinder-liners consisted of mostly iron which is indicative of cast iron, a common material for this application. The replacement piston average surface roughness was found to be 9.09 μm while for replacement cylinder-liner it was 5.78 μm
Advanced subsonic transport propulsion
A brief review of the current NASA Energy Efficient Engine (E(3)) Project is presented. Included in this review are the factors that influenced the design of these turbofan engines and the advanced technology incorporated in them to reduce fuel consumption and improve environmental characteristics. In addition, factors such as the continuing spiral in fuel cost, that could influence future aircraft propulsion systems beyond those represented by the E(3) engines, are also discussed. Advanced technologies that will address these influencing factors and provide viable future propulsion systems are described. The potential importance of other propulsion system types, such as geared fans and turboshaft engines, is presented
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Gambling disorder and its relationship with substance use disorders: Implications for nosological revisions and treatment.
BACKGROUND: Gambling disorder, recognized by the DSM-5 as a behavioral addiction, affects .4-1.6% of adults worldwide, and is highly comorbid with other mental health disorders, particularly substance use disorders (SUDs). OBJECTIVES: To provide a concise primer on the relationship between gambling disorder and SUDs, focusing on phenomenology/clinical presentation, co-morbidity, familiality, cognition, neuroanatomy/neurochemistry, and treatment. METHODS: Selective review of the literature. RESULTS: Scientific evidence shows that gambling and SUDs have consistently high rates of comorbidity, similar clinical presentations, and some genetic and physiological overlap. Several treatment approaches show promise for gambling disorder, some of which have previously been effective for SUDs. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: It is hoped that recognition of overlap between gambling disorder and SUDs in terms of phenomenology and neurobiology will signal novel treatment approaches and raise the profile of this neglected condition. (Am J Addict 2013;XX:1-6).This research was supported by a Center for Excellence in Gambling Research grant by the National Center for Responsible GamingThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12112.
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