Study of incidence in between benign and malignant tumors of solitary thyroid nodule

Background: Accurate imaging characterization of a solitary thyroid nodule has been clearly problematic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differentiation between malignant and benign solitary thyroid nodules. Objective of the study was to study the clinco-pathological correlation of solitary thyroid nodule and the incidence of malignancy.Methods: The study was conducted in MIMS (Maharagah’s Institute of Medical Sciences). The study population was enrolled after fulfilling the selection criteria from OPD (Out Patient Department) of General Surgery. A total of 50 cases were studied who presented with complaint of thyroid swelling which was clinically confirmed as solitary thyroid nodule. Importance was given to detailed history; duration of swelling, pressure symptoms, and symptoms associated illnesses, previous exposure to neck irradiation, history of anti-thyroid drug use, positive family history. A detailed local examination was done in all cases followed by systemic examination.Results: Out of 50 cases 10 cases were found to have malignant lesions with remaining 40 cases being benign lesions. The malignant nodules were significantly lower than those of benign ones (P = 0.0001). There were no significant differences between the mean ADC values of various malignant thyroid nodules, but there were significant differences between the subtypes of benign thyroid nodules (P = 0.0001).Conclusions: The ADC value is a new promising non-invasive approach used for differentiating malignant from benign solitary thyroid nodules. The incidence of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule is quite high. This warrants education to people to consult physicians for early diagnosis and adequate treatment without being passive as most of these swellings are asymptomatic for long duration

The study on post-operative wound infections at Vizianagaram in Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: In most of the people post-operative wound infections are responsible for major complications such as cost, morbidity, mortality and duration of hospital stay related to surgeries. Objectives of the study were to demonstrate the incidence of post-operative wound infections at MIMS (Maharagah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Vizianagaram.Methods: A cross sectional study has been carried out to know the incidence of post-operative wound infection The study was conducted in MIMS (Maharagah’s Institute of Medical Sciences). The study population was enrolled after fulfilling the selection criteria from General Surgery 100 patients (both elective and emergency surgeries) were selected using randomized technique.Results: Out of 100 cases in the study 17 were positive for post-operative wound infection and out of which 10 were mild infections, 9 cases were moderate infections and 3 were severe infections including 1 burst abdomen. Coagulase positive Staph aureus was isolated in 10 out 40. Over all infection rate in the study was 13.58%.Conclusions: The study clearly depicted the changing pattern of wound infection toward mixed infection. A larger study with substantial number of patients will confirm the findings of this study

Prevalence of asthma in urban and rural children in Tamil Nadu

Background. There are very few community-based studies on the prevalence of asthma in Indian children. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of asthma in children under 12 years of age and to study possible differences in the prevalence of childhood asthma in urban and rural areas of Tamil Nadu. Methods. A total of 584 children from Chennai and 271 children from 25 villages around Chennai formed the urban and rural groups, respectively. From November 1999 to February 2000, data were collected using a simplified version of the ISAAC questionnaire, which was administered by trained students. Symptoms suggestive of asthma or hyperreactive airways disease in children under 12 years of age were recorded from the selected urban and rural populations by questioning the parents. The results were analysed separately for children 0-5 and 6-12 years of age. Results. Of the 855 children studied, the overall prevalence of breathing difficulty (including asthma) was 18% and the prevalence of ‘diagnosed’ asthma was 5%. Twenty-two per cent of urban and 9% of rural children 6-12 years of age reported breathing difficulty ‘at any time in the past’ (p<0.01). A significantly higher proportion of 6-12-year-old urban children also reported nocturnal dry cough (28.4%v. 18.7%,p<0.05). Urban children reported recent wheeze more often than rural children (92% v. 77%, p=0.01). Conclusions. Symptoms suggestive of asthma were present in 18% of children under 12 years of age. Though the prevalence of diagnosed childhood asthma was about 5% in both urban and rural areas, the prevalence of ‘breathing difficulty’ and nocturnal cough was significantly higher among urban children in the age group of 6-12 years. Children living in urban areas also reported ‘recent wheeze’ more often than rural children. Our data suggest that the actual prevalence of asthma and other ‘wheezy’ illnesses may be higher than that previously documented. Further studies are needed to confirm the difference in prevalence between urban and rural children and also to identify possible causes that could account for the higher urban prevalence of asthma in Tamil Nadu

Preserving Privacy for Secure and Outsourcing for Linear Programming in Cloud Computing

Abstract Cloud computing is the long dreamed vision of computing as a utility, where users can remotely store their data into the cloud so as to enjoy the on-demand high quality applications and services from a shared pool of configurable computing resources. By data outsourcing, users can be relieved from the burden of local data storage and maintenance. we utilize the public key based homomorphism authenticator and uniquely integrate it with random mask technique to achieve a privacy-preserving public auditing system for cloud data storage security while keeping all above requirements in mind. To support efficient handling of multiple auditing tasks, we further explore the technique of bilinear aggregate signature to extend our main result into a multi-user setting, where TPA can perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously along with investigates secure outsourcing of widely applicable linear programming (LP) computations. In order to achieve practical efficiency, our mechanism design explicitly decomposes the LP computation outsourcing into public LP solvers running on the cloud and private LP parameters owned by the customer Extensive security and performance analysis shows the proposed schemes are provably secure and highly efficient

A batch-service queueing model with a discrete batch Markovian arrival process

Queueing systems with batch service have been investigated extensively during the past decades. However, nearly all the studied models share the common feature that an uncorrelated arrival process is considered, which is unrealistic in several real-life situations. In this paper, we study a discrete-time queueing model, with a server that only initiates service when the amount of customers in system (system content) reaches or exceeds a threshold. Correlation is taken into account by assuming a discrete batch Markovian arrival process (D-BMAP), i.e. the distribution of the number of customer arrivals per slot depends on a background state which is determined by a first-order Markov chain. We deduce the probability generating function of the system content at random slot marks and we examine the influence of correlation in the arrival process on the behavior of the system. We show that correlation merely has a small impact on the threshold that minimizes the mean system content. In addition, we demonstrate that correlation might have a significant influence on the system content and therefore has to be included in the model

Consensus Nomenclature for Reporting Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Data: Consensus on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Nomenclature Study Group

© 2019 American Academy of Ophthalmology Purpose: To establish a process to evaluate and standardize a state-of-the-art nomenclature for reporting neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) data. Design: Consensus meeting. Participants: An international panel of retina specialists, imaging and image reading center experts, and ocular pathologists. Methods: During several meetings organized under the auspices of the Macula Society, an international study group discussed and codified a set nomenclature framework for classifying the subtypes of neovascular AMD and associated lesion components. Main Outcome Measures: A consensus classification of neovascular AMD. Results: The study group created a standardized working definition of AMD. The components of neovascular AMD were defined and subclassified. Disease consequences of macular neovascularization were delineated. Conclusions: The framework of a consensus nomenclature system, a definition of AMD, and a delineation of the subtypes of neovascular AMD were developed. Establishing a uniform set of definitions will facilitate comparison of diverse patient groups and different studies. The framework presented is modified and updated readily, processes that are anticipated to occur on a periodic basis. The study group suggests that the consensus standards outlined in this article be used in future reported studies of neovascular AMD and clinical practice

Early detection of neovascular age-related macular degeneration : an economic evaluation based on data from the EDNA study

Funding: The project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme (grant number: 12/142/07) and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment. The funder was not involved in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The Health Services Research Unit (HSRU) and the Health Economics Research Unit (HERU) are core funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate (HSRU/2021-2024, HERU/2021-2024).Peer reviewedPostprin