Construction Work and Wages at the Dergé Printing House in the Eighteenth Century

During the eighteenth century, the powerful Kingdom of Dergé in eastern Tibet became a major political, economic, and religious center that gave birth to one of the most important printing houses in the Tibetan world. Written documentation about the construction of the building and the work performed by numerous artisans allows for a better understanding of the traditional economy in Kham in general, and of wage labor in particular. This article investigates the nature and terms of remuneration for construction and decoration work on the extension to the printing house that was built in 1744–1745. It demonstrates that, in Kham, tea and barley were taken as a reference value to estimate wages and, in so doing, lays out the methodology for comparing these data with those of Central Tibet, where the terms of remuneration were far more complex, including as many as ten different types of goods. This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the role certain goods and trade items played in the economy and lays the groundwork for the history of remuneration in Kham and Tibetan societies at large. Keywords: printing house, Dergé, Kham, Tibet, economy, wages, construction work, decoration work

Therapeutic Anticoagulant Does not Modify Thromboses Rate Vein after Venous Reconstruction Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Recommendations for anticoagulation following major venous reconstruction for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) are not clearly established. The aim of our study was to find out the relation between postoperative anticoagulant treatment and thrombosis rate after portal venous resection. Materials and methods. Between 1986 and 2006, twenty seven portal vein resections were performed associated with pancreaticoduodenectomies (n = 27) (PD).We defined four types of venous resection: type I was performed 1 cm above the confluent of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) (n = 12); type II lateral resection and venorrhaphy at the level of the confluent SMV (n = 12); type III (n = 1) resulted from a primary end-to-end anastomosis above confluent and PTFE graph was used for reconstruction for type IV (n = 2). Curative anticoagulant treatment was always indicated after type IV (n = 2) resection, and after resection of type II when the length of venous resection was longer than ≥2 cm. Results. Venous thrombosis rate reached: 0%, 41%, and 100% for type I, II, IV resections, respectively. Among them four patients received curative anticoagulant treatment. Conclusion. After a portal vein resection was achieved in the course of a PD, curative postoperative anticoagulation does not prevent efficiently the onset of thrombosis

Traumatisme crânien de l’adulte et l’enfant

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Resolution of isolated syringomyelia after removing thoracic disc herniation

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Kanji Crunch : Apprentissage dissocié des habiletés et autonomisation de la compétence graphique par le jeu vidéo en mandarin langues étrangères

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Characterization and simulation of microstructure and properties of EPS lightweight concrete

International audienceEPS concretes are composed of high performance cement mixed with millimetre-size expanded polystyrene spheres. They exhibit a priori contradictory thermal and mechanical features that are suitable for the construction industry. This paper aims at characterizing the microstructure and the properties of EPS concretes and investigating the possibility of predicting these properties through various modelling approaches. It is shown that EPS concretes cannot compete against classical autoclaved cellular concrete in terms of properties but it is however a practical material whose properties can easily be tuned by changing its composition. Modelling should be a useful support for predicting the relation between properties and compositio

Hallucinations visuelles post-opératoires: sémiologie du précunéus et du gyrus cingulaire postérieur

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A rare complication of flow diverter: delayed migration causing aneurysm expansion and brainstem compression

International audienceFlow-diverting stents (FD) are admitted therapeutic devices for challenging aneurysms. Delayed migrations of FD remain exceptional, particularly with brainstem compression. We report a case of delayed migration of pipeline embolization device (PED) responsible of medulla oblongata compression due to expansion of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm. This is the first report of brainstem compression due to delayed migration of FD. Among the seven previously reported cases of FD delayed migration, two led to death. Our case illustrates the importance of technical issues of stenting and the role of surgery facing the clinical emergency of vascular compression of lower brainstem. We wanted to warn neurosurgeons of this rare and delayed complication, which likely could become less exceptional with the increase of indications and utilizations of F

Subacute Medulla Oblongata Compression due to PICA Aneurysm Expansion Secondary to Delayed Migration of Flow Diverting Stent

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Etude de paramètres de tractographie d'imagerie par tenseur de diffusion des nerfs trijumeaux chez des sujets sains

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