Didactic demonstration of the interaction between electric currents

We present the first crucial experiment by Ampère that shows the interaction of two metallic wires carrying steady currents. We discuss its importance in the history of physics. We also present a modern reproduction of the procedures and observations of Ampère with low cost materials.Apresentamos a primeira experiência crucial de Ampère mostrando a interação entre dois fios metálicos conduzindo correntes elétricas. Discutimos sua importância na história da física. Descrevemos uma reprodução moderna dos procedimentos e observações de Ampère com materiais de baixo custo.60561

Oersted's Experience In The Classroom [experiência De Oersted Em Sala De Aula]

In 1820 Oersted observed the deflection of a small magnet placed close to a wire carrying a steady current. This fundamental discovery unleashed a series of researches which led to the unification of the electric and magnetic phenomena. The goal of this paper is to contribute to show the importance of Oersted's experiment. It is made a short historical contextualization of this experiment. It is described a modern reproduction of the procedures and observations of Oersted utilizing low cost materials. Copyright by the Sociedade Brasileira de Física.2914151Grant, E., (1981) Dictionary of Scientifc Biography, 9, pp. 532-540. , edited by C.C. Gillispie Charles Scribner's Sons, Nova IorqueGilbert, W., (1978) Great Books of the Western World, 28, pp. 1-121. , Encyclopaedia Britannica, ChicagoTricker, R.A.R., (1965) Early Electrodynamics - The First Law of Circulation, , Pergamon Press, OxfordR.D.A. Martins, Cad. Hist. Fil. Ci. 10, 89 (1986)Hofmann, J.R., (1996) André-Marie Ampère - Enlightenment and Electrodynamics, , Cambridge University Press, CambridgeB.C. Ørsted, Cad. Hist. Fil. Ci. 10, 115 (1986)Ferreira, N.C., (2001) Ciência Hoje ria Escola, 12, p. 18A. Medeiros, Rev. Bras. Ens. Fis. 24, 353 (2002)Teixeira, W., Toledo, M.C.M., Fairchild, T.R., Taioli, F., (2000) Decifrando a Terra (Oficina do Textos, , São Paulo, Dado obtido do mapa de intensidade do campo geomagnétic

Distortion of Ampère's electromagnetic work in the textbooks

We analyze how some representative textbooks present Ampère's electromagnetic work. We show that this information is distorted and does not correspond to the historical facts. This leads to an erroneous view about the evolution of physics and about the formulation of its laws.Analisamos como alguns livros didáticos representativos apresentam a obra eletromagnética de Ampère. Mostramos que as informações apresentadas são distorcidas e que não correspondem à realidade histórica. Isto leva a uma visão errônea da evolução da física e da formulação de suas leis.657

Distortion Of Ampère's Electromagnetic Work In The Textbooks [distorção Da Obra Eletromagnética De Ampère Nos Livros Didáticos]

We analyze how some representative textbooks present Ampère's electromagnetic work. We show that this information is distorted and does not correspond to the historical-facts. This leads to an erroneous view about the evolution of physics and about the formulation of its laws. Copyright by the Sociedade Brasileira de Física.2916570Kuhn, T.S., (1978) A Estrutura das Revoluções Científicas, , Editora Perspectiva, São Paulo, 2a ediçãoH.C. Ørsted, Cad. Hist. Fil. Ci. 10, 115 (1986)E.M. Purcell, Curso de Física de Berkeley, v. 2: Eletricidade e Magnetismo (Editora Edgard Blücher, São Paulo, 1988), 3a reimpressãoTipler, P.A., (2000) Física, 2. , Eletricidade, Magnetismo e Óptica Editora LTC, Rio de Janeiro, 4a edTricker, R.A.R., (1965) Early Electrodynamics - The First Law of Circulation, , Pergamon Press, OxfordHofmaim, J.R., (1996) André-Marie Ampère - Enlightenment and Electrodynamics, , Cambridge University Press, CambridgeAssis, A.K.T., (1995) Eletrodinâmica de Weber, , Editora da Unicamp, CampinasAmpère, A.-M., (1990) Théorie Mathématique des Phénomènes Électro-dynamiques Uniquement Déduite de l'Experience, , Editions Jacques Gabay, SceauxR.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, v. 2: Mainly Electromagnetism and Matter (Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1972), 7a. impressãoReitz, J.R., Milford, F.J., Christy, R.W., (1982) Fundamentos da Teoria Eletromagnética, , Editora Campus, Rio de Janeiro, 3a edHauser, W., (1971) Introduction to the Principles of Electromagnetism, , Addison-WesleyWangsness, R.K., (1986) Electromagnetic Fields, , John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2a edJackson, J.D., (1999) Classical Electrodynamics, , John Wiley Sons, New York, 3a edHalliday, D., Resnick, R., Walker, J., (1996) Fundamentos de Física, v. 3: Eletromagnetismo, , Editora LTC, Rio de Janeiro, 4a edWhittaker, E.T., A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity (1973) The Classical Theories, 1. , Humanities Press, New YorkHalliday, D., Resnick, R., Walker, J., (2003) Fundamentos de Física, v. 3: Eletromagnetismo, , Editora LTC, Rio de Janeiro, 6a edR.D.A. Martins, Rev. Bras. Ens. Fis. 27, 11 (2005)Griffiths, D.J., (1999) Introduction to Electrodynamics, , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 3a e

Ampère's Motor: Its History And The Controversies Surrounding Its Working Mechanism

In 1822 Ampère created a new kind of motor when he succeeded in spinning a cylindrical magnet around its axis by connecting it to a battery generating a steady current. Nowadays, it is easy to present such a motor in the classroom utilizing a neodymium magnet, a D battery, a steel nail, and a short piece of copper wire. Although it is very simple to observe the rotation, the explanation of this effect is still under dispute. This work presents the history of this motor including the controversy between Ampère and Faraday, as well as the modern explanation based on the field concept. We emphasize the positive outcomes to be gained in the classroom by presenting this device to students. © 2012 American Association of Physics Teachers.8011990995Matthews, M., (1994) Science Teaching: The Role of History and Philosophy of Science, , (Routledge, New York)Chiaverina, C., The simplest motor? (2004) Phys. Teach., 42, p. 553. , 10.1119/1.1828728Schlichting, H.J., Ucke, C., Der einfachste Elektromotor der Welt (2004) Phys. Unserer Zeit, 35, pp. 272-273. , 10.1002/piuz.200401057Munoz, A.M., Motor homopolar (2007) Revista Eureka sobre Enseñanza y Divulgación de las Ciencias, 4, pp. 352-354Stewart, S.M., Some simple demonstration experiments involving homopolar motors (2007) Rev. Bras. Ensino de Física, 29, pp. 275-281Wong, H.K., Levitated homopolar motor (2009) Phys. Teach., 47, p. 124. , 10.1119/1.3072465Wong, H.K., Motional mechanisms of homopolar motors & rollers (2009) Phys. Teach., 47, pp. 463-465. , 10.1119/1.3225512Schlichting, H.J., Ucke, C., A fast, high-tech, low cost electric motor construction (2004) Phys. Unserer Zeit, 35, pp. 272-273. , http://users.physik.tu-muenchen.de/cucke/english.htm, english translation by J. Williams, available atFaraday, M., On some new electro-magnetical motions, and on the theory of magnetism (1821) Q. J. Sci. Lit. Arts, 12, pp. 74-96Faraday, M., Faraday, M., On some new electro-magnetical motions and on the theory of magnetism (1821) Quarterly Journal of Science, 12, pp. 74-96. , R. M. Hutchins, edited by (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Chicago), Vol. 45 reprint of theFaraday, M., Description of an electro-magnetical apparatus for the exhibition of rotatory motion (1822) Q. J. Sci. Lit. Arts, 12, pp. 283-285Hottecke, D., How and what can we learn from replicating historical experiments? A case study (2000) Sci. Educ., 9, pp. 343-362. , 10.1023/A:1008621908029Ampère, A.-M., Expériences relatives à de nouveaux phénomènes électro-dynamiques (1822) Ann. Chim. Phys., 20, pp. 60-74Ampère, A.-M., Exposé sommaire des nouvelles Expériences électro-magnétiques faites par différens Physiciens, depuis le mois de mars 1821, lu dans la séance publique de l'Académie royale des Sciences, le 8 avril 1822 (1822) in Recueil d'Observations Électro-dynamiques, pp. 199-206. , A.-M. Ampère, edited by (Crochard, Paris) Despite this date, the volume of the Recueil was only published in 1823Ampère, A.-M., Exposé sommaire des nouvelles expériences électromagnétiques faites par différens Physiciens, depuis le mois de mars 1821, lu dans la séance publique de l'Académie royale des Sciences, le 8 avril 1822 (1885) Collection de Mémoires relatifs a la Physique II: Mémoires sur l'Électrodynamique, pp. 238-244. , J. Joubert, (Gauthier-Villars, Paris)Ampère, A.-M., Expériences relatives aux nouveaux phénomènes électro-dynamiques que j'ai obtenus au mois de décembre 1821 (1822) Recueil d'Observations Électro-dynamiques, pp. 237-250. , A.-M. Ampère, in , edited by (Crochard, Paris) Despite this date, the volume of the Recueil was only published in 1823Ampère, A.-M., Expériences relatives aux nouveaux phénomènes électro-dynamiques obtenus au mois de décembre 1821 (1885) Collection de Mémoires relatifs a la Physique II: Mémoires sur l'Électrodynamique, pp. 192-204. , J. Joubert, in , edited by (Gauthier-Villars, Paris)Ampère, A.-M., Mémoire sur la Détermination de la formule qui représente l'action mutuelle de deux portions infiniment petites de conducteurs voltaïques. Lu à l'Académie royale des Sciences, dans la séance du 10 juin 1822 (1822) Ann. Chim. Phys., 20, pp. 398-421Blondel, C., Ampère, A.-M., (1982) la Création de l'Électrodynamique (1820-1827), , (Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris)Hofmann, J.R., (1996) André-Marie Ampère, Enlightenment and Electrodynamics, , (Cambridge U.P., Cambridge)Assis, A.K.T., (1994) Weber's Electrodynamics, , (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht)Bueno, A., Assis, A.K.T., (2001) Inductance and Force Calculations in Electrical Circuits, , (Nova Science Publishers, Huntington, NY, ).,d.MAssis, A.K.T., Hernandes, J.A., (2007) The Electric Force of a Current: Weber and the Surface Charges of Resistive Conductors Carrying Steady Currents, , http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~assis, (Apeiron, Montreal, ), available at(1943) Correspondence du Grand Ampère, 3. , L. d. Launay, edited by (Gauthier Villars, Paris)(1936) Correspondence du Grand Ampère, 2. , L. d. Launay, edited by (Gauthier Villars, Paris)D'après ces faits, j'ai déterminé un principe fondamental, évident en physique, c'est que, l'action étant toujours égale à la réaction, il est impossible quthomAmpère, A.-M., Nouvelles expériences électro-magnétiques de MM. Faraday, Ampère, H. Davy, et De La Rive (1822) Bull. Sci. Soc. Philomatique Paris, 9, pp. 21-23Featonby, D., Inspiring experiments exploit strong attraction of magnets (2006) Physics Educ., 41, pp. 292-295. , 10.1088/0031-9120/41/4/F05Monteiro, M.A.A., Germano, J.S.E., Monteiro, D.I.C.C., Gaspar, A., As atividades de demonstração e a teoria de Vigotski: Um motor elétrico de fácil construção e de baixo custo (2010) Cad. Bras. Ensino Física, 27, pp. 371-38

Oersted's experience in the classroom

In 1820 Oersted observed the deflection of a small magnet placed close to a wire carrying a steady current. This fundamental discovery unleashed a series of researches which led to the unification of the electric and magnetic phenomena. The goal of this paper is to contribute to show the importance of Oersted's experiment. It is made a short historical contextualization of this experiment. It is described a modern reproduction of the procedures and observations of Oersted utilizing low cost materials.Em 1820 Oersted observou a deflexão de um pequeno ímã colocado próximo a um fio com corrente constante. Esta descoberta fundamental desencadeou uma série de pesquisas que levou à unificação dos fenômenos elétricos e magnéticos. Este artigo visa contribuir para o resgate da relevância da experiência de Oersted. É feita uma breve contextualização histórica desta experiência. Descreve-se uma reprodução moderna dos procedimentos e observações de Oersted com materiais de baixo custo.415