SIMULATION DU CLIMAT FUTUR ET DES RENDEMENTS AGRICOLES EN REGION SOUDANO-SAHELIENNE\ua0 EN REPUBLIQUE DU BENIN

Climate change is unequivocal and affects biophysical systems. Predicting the future effects of climate change is a prerequisite for the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies. This study was carried out to determine the future yields of the main agricultural crops in the Sudano-Sahelian region of West Africa, and especially using Banikoara district of Republic of Benin, for the period up to 2050. The methodology adopted combined the collection of long term agricultural and meteorological data, the calculation of agro-climatic indexes and simulation of crop yields using DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfert) and Crop-Model. Results revealed that the temperatures of Sudano-Sahelian region will increase in temperature by about 1 to 3 \ub0C compared to the reference period 1971-2010. The rainfall of the agricultural season will decline under the assumption of an increase in mean temperature (of 1, 1.5 and 2\ub0C). Apart from sorghum of which the simulated yield will increase about 9,3%, other crops will be characterised by a decline by 2050 of projected yields. The greatest decline in simulated yield was recorded for cassava; while yam showed the lowest decline in yield. Indeed, if cassava has particular affection for hot climates, it requires a certain soil moisture that is no longer guaranteed due to climate change. The shift of agricultural calendar and especially the adaptation of the sowing date to the observed climatic disturbances is urgently needed to ascertain food security insurance in the Sudano-Sahelian region of Benin.Le changement climatique est sans \ue9quivoque et affecte les syst\ue8mes biophysiques. La pr\ue9diction des effets futurs du changement climatique constitue un pr\ue9alable indispensable dans l\u2019\ue9laboration des strat\ue9gies d\u2019adaptation et d\u2019att\ue9nuation. La pr\ue9sente \ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 initi\ue9e pour d\ue9terminer les caract\ue9ristiques des rendements des principales sp\ue9culations agricoles de la r\ue9gion soudano-sah\ue9lienne de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et plus particuli\ue8rement la Commune de Banikoara \ue0 l\u2019horizon 2050. La m\ue9thodologie adopt\ue9e regroupe la collecte des statistiques agricoles et des donn\ue9es m\ue9t\ue9orologiques sur le long terme, le calcul d\u2019indices agro-climatiques et la simulation des rendements au moyen de DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfert) et Crop-Model. Des r\ue9sultats, il appara\ueet que les temp\ue9ratures de la r\ue9gion soudano-sah\ue9lienne connaitront une hausse comprise entre 1\ub0 et 3\ub0C en r\ue9f\ue9rence aux valeurs de la p\ue9riode 1971-2010. La pluviom\ue9trie de la saison agricole baissera par rapport \ue0 la p\ue9riode de r\ue9f\ue9rence selon les sc\ue9narios d\u2019augmentation de la temp\ue9rature moyenne (de 1\ub0C, 1,5\ub0C et 2\ub0C). Outre le sorgho pour lequel une am\ue9lioration de 9,3% du rendement a \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9e, les rendements des sp\ue9culations agricoles baisseront \ue0 l\u2019horizon 2050. Le plus fort niveau de baisse de rendement simul\ue9 a \ue9t\ue9 enregistr\ue9 pour le manioc tandis que l\u2019igname a affich\ue9 la baisse de rendement le plus faible. En effet, si le manioc affectionne les climats chauds, il exige une certaine humidit\ue9 qui n\u2019est plus assur\ue9e compte tenu du changement climatique. La modification du calendrier agricole et plus pr\ue9cis\ue9ment l\u2019adaptation des p\ue9riodes de semis aux perturbations climatiques constat\ue9es appara\ueet comme une n\ue9cessit\ue9 urgente pour garantir la s\ue9curit\ue9 alimentaire dans la r\ue9gion soudano-sah\ue9lienne

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019

In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the addition of four new subfamilies and 12 new genera and the creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)