Climate change is unequivocal and affects biophysical systems.
Predicting the future effects of climate change is a prerequisite for
the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies. This study was
carried out to determine the future yields of the main agricultural
crops in the Sudano-Sahelian region of West Africa, and especially
using Banikoara district of Republic of Benin, for the period up to
2050. The methodology adopted combined the collection of long term
agricultural and meteorological data, the calculation of agro-climatic
indexes and simulation of crop yields using DSSAT (Decision Support
System for Agrotechnology Transfert) and Crop-Model. Results revealed
that the temperatures of Sudano-Sahelian region will increase in
temperature by about 1 to 3 \ub0C compared to the reference period
1971-2010. The rainfall of the agricultural season will decline under
the assumption of an increase in mean temperature (of 1, 1.5 and
2\ub0C). Apart from sorghum of which the simulated yield will
increase about 9,3%, other crops will be characterised by a decline by
2050 of projected yields. The greatest decline in simulated yield was
recorded for cassava; while yam showed the lowest decline in yield.
Indeed, if cassava has particular affection for hot climates, it
requires a certain soil moisture that is no longer guaranteed due to
climate change. The shift of agricultural calendar and especially the
adaptation of the sowing date to the observed climatic disturbances is
urgently needed to ascertain food security insurance in the
Sudano-Sahelian region of Benin.Le changement climatique est sans \ue9quivoque et affecte les
syst\ue8mes biophysiques. La pr\ue9diction des effets futurs du
changement climatique constitue un pr\ue9alable indispensable dans
l\u2019\ue9laboration des strat\ue9gies d\u2019adaptation et
d\u2019att\ue9nuation. La pr\ue9sente \ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9
initi\ue9e pour d\ue9terminer les caract\ue9ristiques des
rendements des principales sp\ue9culations agricoles de la
r\ue9gion soudano-sah\ue9lienne de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest
et plus particuli\ue8rement la Commune de Banikoara \ue0
l\u2019horizon 2050. La m\ue9thodologie adopt\ue9e regroupe la
collecte des statistiques agricoles et des donn\ue9es
m\ue9t\ue9orologiques sur le long terme, le calcul d\u2019indices
agro-climatiques et la simulation des rendements au moyen de DSSAT
(Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfert) et Crop-Model.
Des r\ue9sultats, il appara\ueet que les temp\ue9ratures de la
r\ue9gion soudano-sah\ue9lienne connaitront une hausse comprise
entre 1\ub0 et 3\ub0C en r\ue9f\ue9rence aux valeurs de la
p\ue9riode 1971-2010. La pluviom\ue9trie de la saison agricole
baissera par rapport \ue0 la p\ue9riode de r\ue9f\ue9rence
selon les sc\ue9narios d\u2019augmentation de la temp\ue9rature
moyenne (de 1\ub0C, 1,5\ub0C et 2\ub0C). Outre le sorgho pour
lequel une am\ue9lioration de 9,3% du rendement a \ue9t\ue9
observ\ue9e, les rendements des sp\ue9culations agricoles
baisseront \ue0 l\u2019horizon 2050. Le plus fort niveau de baisse
de rendement simul\ue9 a \ue9t\ue9 enregistr\ue9 pour le manioc
tandis que l\u2019igname a affich\ue9 la baisse de rendement le plus
faible. En effet, si le manioc affectionne les climats chauds, il exige
une certaine humidit\ue9 qui n\u2019est plus assur\ue9e compte
tenu du changement climatique. La modification du calendrier agricole
et plus pr\ue9cis\ue9ment l\u2019adaptation des p\ue9riodes de
semis aux perturbations climatiques constat\ue9es appara\ueet comme
une n\ue9cessit\ue9 urgente pour garantir la s\ue9curit\ue9
alimentaire dans la r\ue9gion soudano-sah\ue9lienne