12 research outputs found
Regularities of pressure distribution under a crawler with elastic tracks
It is possible to increase the efficiency of an agricultural tractor and reduce the pressure on the soil by installing a crawler with elastic tracks on it, for example, using a pneumatic caterpillar or a caterpillar with rubber-cord tracks. To develop a design and select rational parameters of such a propulsor, it is necessary to know the patterns of pressure distribution under the caterpillar, the relationship between the parameters of the caterpillar propulsor and the maximum pressures arising under it. The process of interaction of a caterpillar with a deformable base is considered and the dependences of the pressure distribution under a crawler with elastic tracks on its design parameters and physical and mechanical properties of the soil are established. Theoretical dependences are obtained for determining the maximum pressures under the support rollers of the pneumatic track mover. They allow you to plot and determine the patterns of pressure distribution under a crawler with elastic tracks, select the parameters of the mover according to the criterion of permissible pressures on the soil. the calculated pressure distribution plots are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the experimental plots, the discrepancy of the maximum pressures does not exceed 20 %
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ENERGY ACCUMULATING MECHANISM FOR TRACTOR WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION
Dependence of tractor wheel torque on theoretical tractor motion speed has been used for comparison of tractor operation with electromechanical transmission with installation of energy accumulating mechanism and without its installation. In this case a traction asynchronous electric motor is operating under nominal and limit conditions. The paper also considers dependence diagrams of actual input power for the traction asynchronous electric motor and its losses due to theoretical tractor motion speed. Tractor wheel torque is limited during the operation of the traction asynchronous electric motor with energy accumulating mechanisms by the following factors: maximum electric motor torque at the given frequency of supply voltage; maximum value of internal combustion motor output which can be transferred to the traction asynchronous electric motor; grip of the wheels. During the operation of the traction asynchronous electric motor with energy accumulating mechanisms there is a possibility for short power consumption without regard to the second limitation because it is possible to use power not only of internal combustion motor but also the power which is stored in the energy accumulating mechanisms. Comparison of characteristics has been made when a tractor is operating at high gear and when it is operating at all gears (that is two gears). Operation of the 5th class tractors has been analyzed for all possible cases (operation with energy accumulating mechanisms and without the mechanisms while being operated at all gears) and various types of work: tilling, sowing, cultivation, bulldozing work, transport mode. In this case equipment has been used which is aggregated with the 5th class tractor
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
A mathematical model and methodology for calculation turning of crawler tractor with deforming caterpillar while moving along deformable basis at kinematic steering manner have been developed. Motion rates of caterpillars relatively to a tractor body ensure control action. Reliability of calculative results is proved experimentally. The proposed methodology can be used for selection of running gear parameters and turning mechanism of a crawler tractor at a design stage by a turning criterion.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ£Π‘ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π ΠΠ Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
Purpose of the paper β is to create a measuring complex, develop a methodology and carry out experimental investigations of curvilinear movement of the Belarus 1802 crawler tractor.The measuring complex and methodology for determination of kinematics and forced parameters of crawler tractor turning ability have been developed. Experimental investigations of curvilinear tractor movement have been carried out and they have shown that an increase in its movement speed leads to a decrease in its actual angular speed. It is explained by an increase in a radius of tractorβs turning. While increasing a speed difference of crawler a torque of a running track is increasing and a torque of a lagging track is decreasing and it even takes a negative value. Having a towed load of 20 kH a lagging track thrust force is also decreasing but it does not pass in the are of negative values, in other words, both tracks move in a traction mode. A minimal radius of tractor turning is 1.42 m. Relative minimal kinematics radius of turning is 0.89 m.The created measuring complex and developed methodology for investigations are transferred to Separate Design Bureau of the Republic Unitary Enterprise Β«Minsk Tractor PlantΒ» and they are used for experimental investigations of crawler tractors.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡ 1802Β». Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ β ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ 20 ΠΊΠ ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ, Ρ. Π΅. ΠΎΠ±Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 1,42 ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° β0,89. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ Π Π£Π Β«ΠΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Β» ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π₯ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ£Π‘ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π
Elastic and kinematic characteristics of two standard sizes of the βBelarusβ caterpillar torsion suspension have been determined in the paper. The paper gives full speed values of a support roller, an angular displacement of the balance weight, a maximum load on a support roller, potential energy in case of roller full speed, a reduced modulus of elasticity, torsion angles and stresses of torsion shafts and journals, limits for suspension rate changes. The investigations have used analytical and experimental methods, a final elements method. The obtained results are employed for calculation of motion smoothness, load distribution in rollers, dynamic loading of running gear elements while selecting of caterpillar parameters at a design stage.Β ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΒ». ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ€Π€ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π Π‘ ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠ
Dependence of tractor wheel torque on theoretical tractor motion speed has been used for comparison of tractor operation with electromechanical transmission with installation of energy accumulating mechanism and without its installation. In this case a traction asynchronous electric motor is operating under nominal and limit conditions. The paper also considers dependence diagrams of actual input power for the traction asynchronous electric motor and its losses due to theoretical tractor motion speed. Tractor wheel torque is limited during the operation of the traction asynchronous electric motor with energy accumulating mechanisms by the following factors: maximum electric motor torque at the given frequency of supply voltage; maximum value of internal combustion motor output which can be transferred to the traction asynchronous electric motor; grip of the wheels. During the operation of the traction asynchronous electric motor with energy accumulating mechanisms there is a possibility for short power consumption without regard to the second limitation because it is possible to use power not only of internal combustion motor but also the power which is stored in the energy accumulating mechanisms. Comparison of characteristics has been made when a tractor is operating at high gear and when it is operating at all gears (that is two gears). Operation of the 5th class tractors has been analyzed for all possible cases (operation with energy accumulating mechanisms and without the mechanisms while being operated at all gears) and various types of work: tilling, sowing, cultivation, bulldozing work, transport mode. In this case equipment has been used which is aggregated with the 5th class tractor.Β ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·Β ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° MΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° vΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½: ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ; ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
(ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²Π΅). ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² (ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ) ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° 5-Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
: ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ 5-Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°
ΠΠ«ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π’Π―ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ― Π’Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π₯ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ
Nowadays the work is in progress to develop wheeled and caterpillar tractors with electromechanical transmission. Range of changes in transmission gear ratio while using propulsion electric motor depends on mechanical characteristics of a tractor propulsion electric motor which is equipped with electromechanical transmission. In case when the range is rather high then it is possible to minimize number of gearings in the tractor gearing box or exclude its usage at all. Type of the applied propulsion electric motor and regulation method specify type of mechanical characteristics (characteristics family) of the propulsion electric motor.The paper considers a propulsion asynchronous electric motor with frequency control. While using frequency control it is possible to regulate electric motor revolutions by mutual changes in voltage and voltage frequency. There are various laws of mutual changes in voltage and frequency (regulation laws). Selection of a regulation law influences on type of mechanical characteristics of a propulsion electric motor. Application of any law can be admissible only for some specific range of voltage frequency otherwise it is possible to exceed some parameters (for example, admissible voltage in the winding of electric motor stator). It is necessary to ensure the required moment within wide range for a tractor propulsion electric motor. In this case losses in the electric motor must be minimal. Losses in the rotor of the propulsion asynchronous electric motor are directly proportional to its sliding and its best propulsion and mechanical properties of a mobile machine will be ensured in the case when sliding is preserved at a constant value. According to these reasons selection of regulation laws has been carried out for operation of the propulsion asynchronous electric motor with nominal sliding and mechanical characteristics at nominal sliding is conventionally called a nominal characteristics.The paper analyzes the possible laws of mutual application of voltage and voltage frequency and their application boundaries. A combination of laws for regulation of the propulsion asynchronous electric motor has been selected in the paper. The combination ensures the widest operational range of the electric motor with high moment value at nominal sliding and due account of limitations on application of every used regulation law. The following mechanical characteristics family has been constructed for the propulsion asynchronous electric motor regulated in accordance with the proposed law: at nominal sliding, at critical sliding, at changeable sliding and without changes in voltage and frequency.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
) Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ: Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. Π’ΠΈΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ) ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ (Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ). ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ). ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ.ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ: ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
An analytical dependence was obtained to determine the amplitude of vibrations of the rubber track in the span of the free branch of the tractor bypass between the supporting rollers. The process of oscillations of this type of track in the middle of the span of a free branch during the operation of tracked tractors of the brand βBelarusβ in pull and transport modes, taking into account the speed of movement, is investigated. It is shown that the resonant modes of transverse vibrations of the rubber track at the operational ranges of the tractor operation should be taken as the determining criterion for choosing the parameters of the spans of the free branch of the bypass. The maximum values of the oscillation amplitudes of such a track in the span of the free branch of the bypass between the supporting rollers for the family of tracked tractors βBelarusβ under different operating modes are calculated. A frequency analysis of oscillations was carried out and it was found that on tracked agricultural tractors with rubber tracks, a mode of occurrence of resonant oscillations in the span of the free branch of the bypass between the supporting rollers is possible. An analytical dependence has been obtained to determine the limiting distance between the supporting rollers of a tractor with a rubber track and elastic and locked suspensions according to the criterion of deducing the resonant mode of vibration of the track in the span of a free branch outside the operational range of the tractor. The values of the maximum distances between the support rollers for tractors βBelarusβ 1802, 2102 and 2103 at different suspension modes are calculated. The required number of supporting rollers is determined and recommendations are given on the place of their installation. The results of these studies can be used in the creation and operation of tractors with rubber tracksΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΒ» Π² ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΒ» ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΒ» 1802, 2102 ΠΈ 2103 ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¨ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π§ΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π
A methodology has been developed for selection of gear number and transmission gear ratios in mechanical part of a wheel-type tractor with electro-mechanical transmission containing a propulsion asynchronous electric motor with variablefrequency control. The paper proposes to determine a transmission gear ratio on the basis of the following: provision of wheel torque dependence on tractor speed which is the best one for a traction process and during transfer from one gear to the other; provision of nominal operational mode of the electric motor for all tractor operations where it is working for a long period of time; provision of minimum possible number of gears; complete realization of internal combustion engine power on the tractor wheels at limit operational mode of the electric motor. As a characteristic of the asynchronous electric motor with variable-frequency control contains various portions which can be used either completely or partially due to operating conditions, the gear number is determined in the process of transmission gear ration finding but not prior to this. A wheel torque of the tractor with electro-mechanical transmission can be limited according to the following factors: grip of wheel with supporting surface; maximum power of an internal combustion engine which can be transferred to the wheels and a torque which is developed by a propulsion electric motor. It is not proposed to exceed nominal operational mode of the propulsion electric motor for all the operations of the tractor if it is working for a long period of time because in the case of significant excess of the nominal operational mode of the asynchronous electric motor its rather long operation leads to low efficiency and high losses in power, large heat liberation and consequently requires to develop more complicated system for electric motor cooling. An excess of nominal electric motor torque can be justified for short-term operational modes because in this case there is no need to select more powerful electric motor and create an additional gear in the gear-box.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·: ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΡ; ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ; ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ; ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½: ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ΅
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CRAWLER TRACTOR AT CURVILINEAR MOVEMENT
Purpose of the paper β is to create a measuring complex, develop a methodology and carry out experimental investigations of curvilinear movement of the Belarus 1802 crawler tractor.The measuring complex and methodology for determination of kinematics and forced parameters of crawler tractor turning ability have been developed. Experimental investigations of curvilinear tractor movement have been carried out and they have shown that an increase in its movement speed leads to a decrease in its actual angular speed. It is explained by an increase in a radius of tractorβs turning. While increasing a speed difference of crawler a torque of a running track is increasing and a torque of a lagging track is decreasing and it even takes a negative value. Having a towed load of 20 kH a lagging track thrust force is also decreasing but it does not pass in the are of negative values, in other words, both tracks move in a traction mode. A minimal radius of tractor turning is 1.42 m. Relative minimal kinematics radius of turning is 0.89 m.The created measuring complex and developed methodology for investigations are transferred to Separate Design Bureau of the Republic Unitary Enterprise Β«Minsk Tractor PlantΒ» and they are used for experimental investigations of crawler tractors