Variation of hydrochemical parameters with reference to geomorphological features in Godavari estuary, India

24-33In this study, seasonal observations of hydrochemical parameters were measured in the estuarine regions of  Gautami Godavari (GGE) and Vasishta Godavari (VGE), which are surrounded by extensive mangrove swamps and closely spaced beach ridge-swale complex, respectively. A significant vertical stratification in the water column showed in the VGE region due to the strong influence of saline water intrusion. NO2- -N was higher and NO3- -N was lower in VGE during the end of the post monsoon season with reference to excretion by phytoplankton and uptake during the process of primary production respectively, which is also supported by higher concentrations of Chlorophyll a. Nutrients (NO3- -N, PO43—P and SiO42--Si) showed conservative behaviour with salinity in GGE, whereas, in the case of VGE absence of this is due to intrusion of saline water was significantly higher

Variation of hydrochemical parameters with reference to geomorphological features in Godavari estuary, India

In this study, seasonal observations of hydrochemical parameters were measured in the estuarine regions of  Gautami Godavari (GGE) and Vasishta Godavari (VGE), which are surrounded by extensive mangrove swamps and closely spaced beach ridge-swale complex, respectively. A significant vertical stratification in the water column showed in the VGE region due to the strong influence of saline water intrusion. NO2- -N was higher and NO3- -N was lower in VGE during the end of the post monsoon season with reference to excretion by phytoplankton and uptake during the process of primary production respectively, which is also supported by higher concentrations of Chlorophyll a. Nutrients (NO3- -N, PO43—P and SiO42--Si) showed conservative behaviour with salinity in GGE, whereas, in the case of VGE absence of this is due to intrusion of saline water was significantly higher

High intratumoural level of cytokines mediates efficient regression of a rat histiocytoma

We have studied the role of cytokines in the spontaneous regression of AK-5 histiocytoma in syngeneic rats. Animals in which the tumour regresses show high levels of cytokines in the serum compared with animals which succumb to the tumour, and levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are significantly higher in tumour tissue of the former. Thus there is an association between rejection of the tumour and the levels of cytokines present in the tumour mass. Our results also suggest a predominant Th1-type of response in those rats that display early tumour rejection

A survey on sentence fusion techniques of abstractive text summarization

Abstract Sentence fusion is one of the tasks of automatic text summarization that has wide spread applications in the field of computer science. It is currently used in automatic text summarization and question answering systems. It is also used in natural language generation systems in the name of sentence aggregation. The task of sentence fusion poses various challenges like deciding whether two sentences can be combined or not, which part of a sentence should be selected for combination, how these parts can be combined and how to fit the combinations in a grammatically correct sentence structure. In this paper we discuss about the research done on sentence fusion and various challenges that are yet to be met

Crystal and molecular structures of alkali- and alkaline-earth-metal complexes of N,N-dimethylformamide

Structures of lithium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium complexes of NJ-dimethylformamide (DMF) have been investigated by X-ray crystallography. Complexes with the formulas LiCl.DMF.1/2H20, NaC104.2DMF, CaC12.2DMF.2H20, and Mg(C104)2.6DMF crystallized in space groups P2]/c, P2/c, Pi, and Ella, respectively, with the following cell dimensions: Li complex, a = 13.022 (7) A, b = 5.978 (4) A, c = 17.028 (10) A, = 105.48 (4)O, Z = 8; Na complex, a = 9.297 (4)A, b = 10.203 (3) A, c = 13.510 (6) A, /3 = 110.08 (4)O, Z = 4; Ca complex, a = 6.293 (4) A, b = 6.944 (2) A, c = 8.853(5) A, a = 110.15 (3)O, /3 = 105.60 (6)", y = 95.34 (5)", Z = 1; Mg complex, a = 20.686 (11) A, b = 10.962 (18) A,c = 14.885 (9) A, /3 = 91.45 (5)O, Z = 4. Lithium is tetrahedrally coordinated while the other three cations are octahedrally coordinated; the observed metal-oxygen distances are within the ranges generally found in oxygen donor complexes of these metals. The lithium and sodium complexes are polymeric, with the amide and the anion forming bridging groups between neighboring cations. The carbonyl distances become longer in the complexes accompanied by a proportionate decrease in the length of the central C-N bond of the amide; the N-C bond of the dimethylamino group also shows some changes in the complexes. The cations do not deviate significantly from the lone-pair direction of the amide carbonyl and remain in the amide plane. Infrared spectra of the complexes reflect the observed changes in the amide bond distances

Spectrophotometric Determination of Lamivudine in Pure and Tablet Forms

Two visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Lamivudine(LMV) in pure and tablet forms. Method-A is based on oxidation of 3-methyl-2-benzathiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) in the presence of iodoso benzene diacetate (IBDA) to form electrophilic intermediate which is an active coupling species that reacts with the coupler (LMV) by electrophillic attack on the most nucleophilic site on cyclic ring of the coupler. Method-B depends on diazonium salt formation and consequent reaction with resorcinol producing colored product. The absorbances are measured at 590 nm and 540 nm for Method-A and Method-B respectively. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 10.0-60.0 μg/mL for both the methods. The correlation coefficient which is very close to unity indicates that there is good correlation between concentration and absorbance. LOD, LOQ, confidence levels and relative standard deviation are calculated for the developed methods. The developed methods were successfully applied to tablet forms

Zinc-mediated Barbier reactions of pyrrole and indoles: a new method for the alkylation of pyrrole and indoles

Pyrrole and indoles react smoothly with alkyl halides such as allyl bromide, prenyl bromide, crotyl bromide and propargyl bromide in the presence of zinc metal in THF to afford the corresponding 3- and 2-alkyl pyrrole and 3-alkyl indole derivatives in good yields with high regioselectivity