Traumatic avulsion of the trochanter minor in a 15-year-old boy: an uncommon injury.

A 15-year-old boy was seen at the emergency department with severe groin pain following an acute soccer injury. The pain irradiated towards the knee region. He was unable to move his right leg, and unable to stand on it. Physical examination revealed an extremely tender groin. Hip function was difficult to assess due to the severe pain. Hip and pelvis radiographs demonstrated a 1.3 cm large bone fragment detached and displaced superiorly relative to the trochanter minor (Fig. A). MR images revealed the retracted bone fragment (arrow) with the iliopsoas tendon (arrowheads) attached to it (Fig. B, C ). The tendon, bone fragment and trochanter minor were surrounded by a hyperintense fluid collection. Ultrasound also revealed the bone fragment with the attached tendon, although the relationship to the deeper trochanter minor was difficult to appreciate on ultrasound ). Recovery was uneventful. The patient was seen back after 9 weeks and clinical symptoms had complete subsided with entirely normal hip testing

Resolution of inflammation: a new therapeutic frontier

Dysregulated inflammation is a central pathological process in diverse disease states. Traditionally, therapeutic approaches have sought to modulate the pro- or anti-inflammatory limbs of inflammation, with mixed success. However, insight into the pathways by which inflammation is resolved has highlighted novel opportunities to pharmacologically manipulate these processes — a strategy that might represent a complementary (and perhaps even superior) therapeutic approach. This Review discusses the state of the art in the biology of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the opportunities and challenges for translational research in this field

An early history of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

After 60 years of intense fundamental research into T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, we have gained a detailed knowledge of the cells involved, specific recognition mechanisms and post-recognition perforin-granzyme-based and FAS-based molecular mechanisms. What could not be anticipated at the outset was how discovery of the mechanisms regulating the activation and function of cytotoxic T cells would lead to new developments in cancer immunotherapy. Given the profound recent interest in therapeutic manipulation of cytotoxic T cell responses, it is an opportune time to look back on the early history of the field. This Timeline describes how the early findings occurred and eventually led to current therapeutic applications