7 research outputs found
High mobility, low access thwarts interventions among seasonal workers in the Greater Mekong Sub-region: lessons from the malaria containment project
Background: During the process of malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Sub-region, mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) have been identified as the most at-risk demographic. An important sub-group of MMPs are seasonal workers, and this paper presents an evaluation of the reach and effectiveness of interventions tailored towards this group and was carried out as part of the Containment Project from 2009-11.
Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in Pailin Province in Western Cambodia. Three-hundred-and-four seasonal workers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were gathered through a total of eight focus group discussions and 14 in-depth interviews. Data triangulation of the qualitative and quantitative data was used during analysis.
Results: High mobility and low access of the target population to the interventions, as well as lack of social and anthropological research that led to implementation oversights, resulted in under-exposure of seasonal workers to interventions. Consequently, their reach and impact were severely limited. Some services, particularly Mobile Malaria Workers, had the ability to significantly impact key factors, such as risky behaviours among those they did reach. Others, like Listening and Viewing Clubs and mass media campaigns, showed little impact.
Conclusions: There is potential in two of the interventions assessed, but high mobility and inadequate exposure of seasonal workers to these interventions must be considered in the development and planning of future interventions to avoid investing in low-impact activities and ensure that all interventions perform according to their maximum potential. This will be critical in order for Cambodia to achieve its aim of malaria elimination. The lessons learned from this study can be extrapolated to other areas of health care in Cambodia and other countries in order to reduce the gap between healthcare provided to MMPs, especially seasonal workers, and to the general population
World Malaria Day 2016 in the Kingdom of Cambodia: high-level governmental support embodies the WHO call for “political will to end malaria”
Separating the thermal fingerprints of lava flows and simultaneous lava fountaining using ground-based thermal camera and SEVIRI measurements
During effusive eruptions, thermal satellite monitoring
has proved well suited to map the thermal flux from lava
flows. However, during lava fountaining events, thermal
contributions from active flows and from the fountain
itself cannot be separated in low resolution satellite data.
Here using photogrammetry and atmospheric modeling
techniques, we compare radiance estimates from long-range
ground-based thermal camera data (from which the fountain
can be excluded) with those from SEVIRI satellite images
for a fountaining event at Mount Etna (12 August 2011).
The radiant heat flux determined from the ground-based
camera showed similar behavior to values retrieved from
Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI);
thus the SEVIRI signal is interpreted to be dominated by the
lava flows, with minimal contribution from the fountain.
Furthermore, by modeling the cooling phase of each pixel
inundated by lava, the mean thickness and lava volume
(~2.4 × 106 m3) derived from camera images are comparable
with those calculated from SEVIRI (~2.8 × 106 m3)