Realizations of Conformal and Heisenberg Algebras in PP-wave-CFT Correspondence

We elaborate on the symmetry breaking pattern involved in the Penrose limit of $AdS_{d+1} \times S^{d+1}$ spacetimes and the corresponding limit of the CFT dual. For d=2 we examine in detail how the symmetries contract to products of rotation and Heisenberg algebras, both from the bulk and CFT points of view. Using a free field realization of these algebras acting on products of elementary fields of the CFT with SO(2) R charge +1, we show that this process of contraction restricts all the fields to a few low angular momentum modes and ensures that the field with R charge -1 does not appear. This provides an understanding of several important aspects of the proposal of Berenstein, Maldacena and Nastase. We also indicate how the contraction can be performed on correlation functions.Comment: 24 pages, LaTe

Massive star formation in Wolf-Rayet galaxies. IV: Colours, chemical composition analysis and metallicity-luminosity relations

(Abridged) We performed a multiwavelength analysis of a sample of starburst galaxies that show the presence of a substantial population of very young massive (WR) stars. Here we present the global analysis of the derived photometric and chemical properties. We compare optical/NIR colours and the physical properties (reddening coefficient, equivalent widths of the emission and underlying absorption lines, ionization degree, electron density, and electron temperature) and chemical properties with previous observations and galaxy evolution models. Attending to their absolute B-magnitude many of them are not dwarf galaxies, but they should be during their quiescent phase. We found that both C(Hb) and Wabs increase with increasing metallicity. We detected a high N/O ratio in objects showing strong WR features. The ejecta of the WR stars may be the origin of the N enrichment in these galaxies. We compared the abundances provided by the direct method with those obtained using empirical calibrations, finding that (i) the Pilyugin method is the best suitable empirical calibration, (ii) the relations between the oxygen abundance and the N2 or the O3N2 parameters provided by Pettini & Pagel (2004) give acceptable results for objects with 12+log(O/H)>8.0, and (iii) the results provided by empirical calibrations based on photoionization models are systematically 0.2-0.3 dex higher than the values derived from the direct method. The O and N abundances and the N/O ratios are related to the optical/NIR luminosity; the dispersion is consequence of the differences in the star-formation histories. Galaxies with redder colours tend to have higher oxygen and nitrogen abundances. Our detailed analysis is fundamental to understand the nature of galaxies showing strong starbursts, as well as to know their star formation history and the relationships with the environment.Comment: 30 pages, 22 figures, accepted to A&A. Updated with the final version

Quantum Hamiltonians with Quasi-Ballistic Dynamics and Point Spectrum

Consider the family of Schr\"odinger operators (and also its Dirac version) on $\ell^2(\mathbb{Z})$ or $\ell^2(\mathbb{N})$ $$H^W_{\omega,S}=\Delta + \lambda F(S^n\omega) + W, \quad \omega\in\Omega,$$ where $S$ is a transformation on (compact metric) $\Omega$, $F$ a real Lipschitz function and $W$ a (sufficiently fast) power-decaying perturbation. Under certain conditions it is shown that $H^W_{\omega,S}$ presents quasi-ballistic dynamics for $\omega$ in a dense $G_{\delta}$ set. Applications include potentials generated by rotations of the torus with analytic condition on $F$, doubling map, Axiom A dynamical systems and the Anderson model. If $W$ is a rank one perturbation, examples of $H^W_{\omega,S}$ with quasi-ballistic dynamics and point spectrum are also presented.Comment: 17 pages; to appear in Journal of Differential Equation

Oceanic Core Complex die off and generation of enhanced mantle upwelling on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - 22° N

EGU2011-13199 Images of crustal construction provide a key to understand the interplay of magmatism and tectonism while oceanic crust is build up. Bathymetric data show that the crustal construction is highly variable. Areas that are dominated by magmatic processes are adjacent to areas that are highly tectonised and where mantle rocks were found. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 22°N shows this high variability along the ridge axis, within the TAMMAR segment, and from segment to segment. However, this strong variability occurs also off-axis, spreading parallel, representing different times in the same area of the ridge. A fracture zone, with limited magma supply, has been replaced by a segment centre with a high magmatic budget. Roughly 4.5 million years ago, the growing magmatic active TAMMAR segment, propagated into the fracture zone, started the migration of the ridge offset to the south, and stopped the formation of core complexes. We present data from seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection profiles that surveyed the crustal structure across the ridge crest of the TAMMAR segment. These yield the crustal structure at the segment centre as a function of melt supply. The results suggest that crust is ~8 km thick near the ridge and decreases in thickness with offset to the ridge axis. Seismic layer 3 shows profound changes in thickness and becomes rapidly one kilometre thicker approx. 5 million years ago. This correlates with gravimetric data and the observed “Bull’s eye” anomaly in that region. Our observations support a temporal change from thick lithosphere with oceanic core complex formation to thin lithosphere with focussed mantle upwelling and segment growing. The formation of ‘thick-crust’ volcanic centre seems to have coincided with the onset of propagation 4.5 million years ago