Higher breaks for the development: The price volatility on agro-products in the Chilean Market

Productivity and efficiency in the agrifood system require a study that analyzes volatility within and between classes of agro-products. This document studies the change in volatility and level price in the domestic markets that affect rural development in an open small economy. Results: A high volatility and a change in the price level of different agricultural products that are related to rural and sustainable agriculture are observed in the last 3 years compared to the beginning of the 2010 decade. Mainly within the group of vegetables, tubers, and species. Discussion: The change in the price level and the high volatility began before the covid pandemic, and is possibly more related to the times in which the social outbreak that affected the economy and internal markets occurred. Conclusion: The descriptive analysis is still useful to view the change in the dynamics and the need for structural relations between agro-products in hard times with covid pandemic, international conflicts, and other external situations that added volatility to the economy. The last is useful for building resilience policy economic and public policy strategies to resolve problems for consumers and the primary sectors and rural development

Higher breaks for the development: The price volatility on agro-products in the Chilean Market

Productivity and efficiency in the agrifood system require a study that analyzes volatility within and between classes of agro-products. This document studies the change in volatility and level price in the domestic markets that affect rural development in an open small economy. Results: A high volatility and a change in the price level of different agricultural products that are related to rural and sustainable agriculture are observed in the last 3 years compared to the beginning of the 2010 decade. Mainly within the group of vegetables, tubers, and species. Discussion: The change in the price level and the high volatility began before the covid pandemic, and is possibly more related to the times in which the social outbreak that affected the economy and internal markets occurred. Conclusion: The descriptive analysis is still useful to view the change in the dynamics and the need for structural relations between agro-products in hard times with covid pandemic, international conflicts, and other external situations that added volatility to the economy. The last is useful for building resilience policy economic and public policy strategies to resolve problems for consumers and the primary sectors and rural development

Intake of sugar-sweetened non-alcoholic beverages and body mass index: A national sample of chilean school children Ingesta de bebidas azucaradas analcohólicas e índice de masa corporal en escolares chilenos

Objective. To estimate the association between the intake of sugar-sweetened non-alcoholic beverages and body mass index (BMI) in Chilean school children. Materials and methods. Food consumption frequency data were analyzed for school children aged 6 to 18. The association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI was estimated by multivariate lineal regression models. Results. Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed on a daily basis by 92% (95%CI:90-94) of subjects with daily intake medians of 424 mL (p25-p75:212-707). Every extra daily portion of sugar-sweetened beverages consumed by school children aged 6 to 13 is associated with 0.13 BMI z-scores (95%CI:0.04- 0.2;p=0.01). Conclusions. School children consume sugarsweetened beverages daily with intake medians close to 0.5 L. There is an association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher BMI in Chilean school children

Reducing Health Inequalities: Comparison of Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction According to Health Provider in Chile

© The Author(s) 2018. Health inequalities are marked in Chile. To address this situation, a health reform was implemented in 2005 that guarantees acute myocardial infarction (AMI) health care for the entire population. We evaluated if the health reform changed AMI early and long-term survival rates by hospital provider (public/private) using a longitudinal population-based study of patients ≥15 years with a first AMI in Chile between 2002 and 2011. Time trends and early (within 28 days) and long-term (29–365 days) survival by age were assessed. We identified 59,557 patients: median age of 64 years; 68.9% men; 83.2% treated at public hospitals; 74.4% with public insurance. Early and long-term case-fatality was higher at public hospitals (14.6% vs 9.3%; P <.001 and 5.8% vs 3.3%; P <.001, respectively). There was a higher annual increase for early and long-term survival in public hospitals, 0.008 percentage points (95% CI: 0.006, 0.009; P <.0001) and 0.03 (0.002, 0.003; P <.0001), than i

Investigación científica en agricultura y cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe

En este estudio se analiza la producción científica en agricultura y cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe, a partir de información derivada de la base de datos bibliométrica Scopus, durante el período 1990-2012. SU principal objetivo es incluir en las agendas de investigación y desarrollo e innovación agrícola temas vinculados con la identificación de las mejores alternativas en el sector agrícola para la adaptación al cambio climático, para la reducción de gases de efecto invernadero y para la captura de estos. A partir de estadísticas descriptivas se presentan comparaciones con la producción científica global en agricultura y en agricultura y cambio climático, se analizan tendencias globales y regionales en los volúmenes de producción, así como en materia de colaboración y de multidisciplinariedad. Y utilizando técnicas de análisis de redes se examinan tendencias en colaboración y multidisciplinariedad a nivel subregional (Región Sur, Mesoamérica y Región Andina) y para el agregado regional, a partir de una base de datos creada específicamente para dicho propósito.I. Introducción .-- II. Agricultura y cambio climático .-- III. Metodología y datos .-- IV. Análisis descriptivo .-- V. Análisis de redes .-- VI. Resumen e implicaciones para las políticas de investigación y desarrollo e innovación en agricultura y cambio climático

Intake of sugar-sweetened non-alcoholic beverages and body mass index: A national sample of Chilean school children.

Objective. To estimate the association between the intake of sugar-sweetened non-alcoholic beverages and body mass index (BMI) in Chilean school children. Materials and methods. Food consumption frequency data were analyzed for school children aged 6 to 18. The association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI was estimated by multivariate lineal regression models. Results. Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed on a daily basis by 92% (95%CI:90-94) of subjects with daily intake medians of 424 mL (p25-p75:212-707). Every extra daily portion of sugar-sweetened beverages consumed by school children aged 6 to 13 is associated with 0.13 BMI z-scores (95%CI:0.04- 0.2;p=0.01). Conclusions. School children consume sugarsweetened beverages daily with intake medians close to 0.5 L. There is an association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher BMI in Chilean school children

Association between socioeconomic status and survival after a first episode of myocardial infarction

Background: A low socioeconomic status is associated with higher overall mortality rates. Aim: To assess the effect of socioeconomic inequalities on survival of patients hospitalized with a first myocardial infarction. Material and Methods: Analysis of hospital discharge and mortality databases of the Ministry of Health. Patients aged over 15 years discharged between 2002 and 2011 with a first myocardial infarction (code I-21, ICD-10) were identified. Their survival was verified with the mortality registry. Survival from 0 to 28 and from 29 to 365 days was analyzed. Socioeconomic status was determined using the type of health insurance, stratified as public insurance (low and medium status) and private insurance (high status). Prais-Winsten trend (P-W) and Cox survival analyses were done. Results: We analyzed 59,557 patients (69% males). Sixty three percent were of low socioeconomic status, 19% medium and 18% high. Between 2002 and 2011 the increase in survival was higher among patients of low socioeconomic status, mainly in women (P-W coefficients 0.58:0.31-0.86 in men and 1.12:0.84-1.41 in women for 0-28 days survival and 0.24:0.09-0.39 in men and 0.48:0.37-0.60 in women for 29-365 days survival, respectively). However, age and year of hospitalization adjusted analysis showed a higher mortality risk among patients of low socioeconomic status at 0-28 days ( HR 1.67:1.53-1.83 for men and 1.49:1.34-1.66 for women) and at 29-365 days (HR 2.30: 1.75-2.71 for men and 1.90:1.56-1.85 for women). Conclusions: Survival after a myocardial infarction improved in the last decade especially in patients of low socioeconomic status. However, subjects of this stratum continue to have a higher mortality.Fondo concursable para el apoyo a la investigación, Insituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile

Mediation of the effect of childhood socioeconomic position by educational attainment on adult chronic disease in Chile

Objectives We estimated the roles of childhood socioeconomic position (ChSEP) and education attainment on chronic diseases in Chilean adults, mediated through structural determinants and health behaviors, to identify potential pro-equity interventions. Methods We analyzed Chile’s longitudinal Social Protection Surveys, a national sample of 14,788 adults with follow- up to 2009. Controlled direct effects (CDE) and natural effects (NDE and NIE) of ChSEP and education on number of chronic diseases were estimated with negative binomial models. Results CDE of low ChSEP with education fixed at 12 years showed a 12% increase with 4% indirect effects. CDEs at favorable levels of BMI, smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity were similar. CDE estimates for education adjusted for ChSEP were larger with negligible mediation. CDEs for women were generally larger. Conclusions Low ChSEP exerts a primarily direct effect on later chronic disease, modestly mediated by education. Education attainment showed larger direct effects with minimal mediation by behaviors. Strengthening current– early child development and education policies, particularly gender aspects, may reduce social inequalities and key pathways for reducing chronic disease inequalities in Chile.Chile’s National Fund for Health Research and Development (Fondo Nacional de Investigacio´n y Desarrollo en Salud, FONIS. Grant no. SA13|20138