Visual Analytics of Surveillance Data on Foodborne Vibriosis, United States, 1973–2010

Foodborne illnesses caused by microbial and chemical contaminants in food are a substantial health burden worldwide. In 2007, human vibriosis (non-cholera Vibrio infections) became a notifiable disease in the United States. In addition, Vibrio species are among the 31 major known pathogens transmitted through food in the United States. Diverse surveillance systems for foodborne pathogens also track outbreaks, illnesses, hospitalization and deaths due to non-cholera vibrios. Considering the recognition of vibriosis as a notifiable disease in the United States and the availability of diverse surveillance systems, there is a need for the development of easily deployed visualization and analysis approaches that can combine diverse data sources in an interactive manner. Current efforts to address this need are still limited. Visual analytics is an iterative process conducted via visual interfaces that involves collecting information, data preprocessing, knowledge representation, interaction, and decision making. We have utilized public domain outbreak and surveillance data sources covering 1973 to 2010, as well as visual analytics software to demonstrate integrated and interactive visualizations of data on foodborne outbreaks and surveillance of Vibrio species. Through the data visualization, we were able to identify unique patterns and/or novel relationships within and across datasets regarding (i) causative agent; (ii) foodborne outbreaks and illness per state; (iii) location of infection; (iv) vehicle (food) of infection; (v) anatomical site of isolation of Vibrio species; (vi) patients and complications of vibriosis; (vii) incidence of laboratory-confirmed vibriosis and V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks. The additional use of emerging visual analytics approaches for interaction with data on vibriosis, including non-foodborne related disease, can guide disease control and prevention as well as ongoing outbreak investigations

Yellow fever in the diagnostics laboratory

Yellow fever (YF) remains a public health issue in endemic areas despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. In 2015-2016, urban outbreaks of YF were declared in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and a sylvatic outbreak has been ongoing in Brazil since December 2016. Of great concern is the risk of urban transmission cycles taking hold in Brazil and the possible spread to countries with susceptible populations and competent vectors. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of an outbreak response, but a low vaccine stockpile has forced a sparing-dose strategy, which has thus far been implemented in affected African countries and now in Brazil. Accurate laboratory confirmation of cases is critical for efficient outbreak control. A dearth of validated commercial assays for YF, however, and the shortcomings of serological methods make it challenging to implement YF diagnostics outside of reference laboratories. We examine the advantages and drawbacks of existing assays to identify the barriers to timely and efficient laboratory diagnosis. We stress the need to develop new diagnostic tools to meet current challenges in the fight against YF

Zika virus: New clinical syndromes and its emergence in the western hemisphere

Zika virus (ZIKV) had remained a relatively obscure flavivirus until a recent series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical complications brought this virus into the spotlight as causing an infection of global public health concern. In this review, we discuss the history and epidemiology of ZIKV infection, recent outbreaks in Oceania and the emergence of ZIKV in the Western Hemisphere, newly ascribed complications of ZIKV infection, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly, potential interactions between ZIKV and dengue virus, and the prospects for the development of antiviral agents and vaccines

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV)

Title from title screen (viewed on Oct. 31, 2011); date from document properties."HPV Common Infection, Common Reality.

Concussion signs and symptoms checklist

Use this checklist to monitor students who come to your office with a head injury. Students should be monitored for a minimum of 30 minutes. Check for signs or symptoms when the student first arrives at your office, fifteen minutes later, and at the end of 30 minutes. Students who experience one or more of the signs or symptoms of concussion after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head should be referred to a health care professional with experience in evaluating for concussion. For those instances when a parent is coming to take the student to a health care professional, observe the student for any new or worsening symptoms right before the student leaves. Send a copy of this checklist with the student for the health care professional to review."May 2010."Available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (127.94 KB, 2 p.)

Conducting urban rodent surveys

"This manual is for classroom use and for field training of program managers, environmental health practitioners, inspectors, outreach workers, and others who work in community-based rodent integrated pest management programs. The manual is also a reference for survey techniques and for the preparation of reports and maps." - p. iiIntroduction -- IPM basics -- Characteristics of urban rodent surveys -- Basic units in the operational program -- Sample versus comprehensive surveys -- Personnel requirements -- Survey procedures -- Instructions for completing the block record (exterior inspection) form -- Interior inspection using a modified block record (exterior inspection) form -- GIS and mapping -- Interior tolerance limits -- Selected references -- Appendix A: Survey formsTitle from title screen (viewed on July 9, 2007).Date supplied from suggested citation.Mode of access: Internet from the CDC web site as an acrobat .pdf fle (4.62 MB, 35 p.). Address as of 7/09/2007: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/publications/IPM%5fmanual.pdf; current access available via PURL.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Integrated pest management: conducting urban rodent surveys. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2006

Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people

"Regular physical activity is linked to enhanced health and to reduced risk for all-cause mortality and the development of many chronic diseases in adults. However, many U.S. adults are either sedentary or less physically active than recommended. Children and adolescents are more physically active than adults, but participation in physical activity declines in adolescence. School and community programs have the potential to help children and adolescents establish lifelong, healthy physical activity patterns. This report summarizes recommendations for encouraging physical activity among young people so that they will continue to engage in physical activity in adulthood and obtain the benefits of physical activity throughout life. These guidelines were developed by CDC in collaboration with experts from universities and from national, federal, and voluntary agencies and organizations. They are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and current practice in physical education, exercise science, health education, and public health."The guidelines include recommendations about 10 aspects of school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people: policies that promote enjoyable, lifelong physical activity; physical and social environments that encourage and enable physical activity; physical education curricula and instruction; health education curricula and instruction; extracurricular physical activity programs that meet the needs and interests of students; involvement of parents and guardians in physical activity instruction and programs for young people; personnel training; health services for children and adolescents; developmentally appropriate community sports and recreation programs that are attractive to young people; and regular evaluation of physical activity instruction, programs, and facilities." --Summary.Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness -- Health Benefits of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness -- Recommended Physical Activity for Young People -- Prevalence of Physical Activity Among Young People -- Factors Influencing Physical Activity -- Objectives for Physical Activity Among Young People -- Rationale for School and Community Efforts to Promote Physical Activity Among Young People -- Recommendations for School and Community Programs Promoting Physical Activity Among Young People -- References -- Appendix A: Physical Activity Information Resource List.prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)."March 7, 1997."Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-35).9072670Supersededprepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)."March 7, 1997."Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-35).9072670SupersededHealth EducationChronic Diseas

For parents of children who are deaf or hard of hearing

This pamphlet will help guide you through the steps in deciding about communication. Deciding which communication method(s) will be best for your child can be stressful. The right choices are up to your family. Discovering what works for your child is truly a work in progress. Your child\ue2\u20ac\u2122s needs, and those of your family, along with your long-term goals for your child, may change with time and you\ue2\u20ac\u2122ll want to review your choices regularly. The communication method you choose first may not be your last or only choice."3/16/10" - date from document propertiesCS208226-AAvailable via the World Wde Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (1.37 MB, 2 p.)