22 research outputs found
Metabolic Pathways as a Novel Landscape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Metabolism plays a fundamental role in both human physiology and pathology, including
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other tumors. Anabolic and catabolic processes do
not only have energetic implications but are tightly associated with other cellular activities, such as
DNA duplication, redox reactions, and cell homeostasis. PDAC displays a marked metabolic phenotype
and the observed reduction in tumor growth induced by calorie restriction with in vivo
models supports the crucial role of metabolism in this cancer type. The aggressiveness of PDAC
might, therefore, be reduced by interventions on bioenergetic circuits. In this review, we describe
the main metabolic mechanisms involved in PDAC growth and the biological features that may
favor its onset and progression within an immunometabolic context. We also discuss the need to
bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice in order to offer alternative therapeutic
approaches for PDAC patients in the more immediate future
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Implications in the management of patients with colorectal cancer
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has already reached 3,207,248 patients with more than 225,000 deaths all over the world. Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide, and the healthcare system is struggling to manage daily activities for elective cancer surgery. This review integrates clinical, microbiological, architectural and surgical aspects to develop indications on strategies to manage colorectal cancer patients and ensure safety during the pandemic. Telephone or virtual clinics must be encouraged and phone follow-up should be implemented. Indications for surgery must be rigorous, balancing the advantage of early surgical treatment and risks of treatment delay. To decrease the occupancy rate of intensive care unit beds, elective surgical treatment should be delayed until local endemic control, according to stage of disease. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be treated only after clinical recovery, two consecutive negative oropharyngeal swabs and, if available, a negative stool sample. Before any elective oncologic procedure, a multidisciplinary oncologic team including an anaesthesiologist and an infectious disease specialist must assess every patient to evaluate the risk of infection and its impact on perioperative morbidity, mortality and oncologic prognosis. The hospital should organise to manage all elective oncologic patients in an "infection-free" area or refer them to a non-SARS-CoV-2 hospital
Zoledronic acid in metastatic chondrosarcoma and advanced sacrum chordoma: two case reports
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Chondrosarcomas and chordomas are usually chemoresistant bone tumors and may have a poor prognosis when advanced. They are usually associated with worsening pain difficult to control.</p> <p>Patients and Methods</p> <p>Zoledronic acid was used in a 63-year-old man with metastatic chondrosarcoma and in a 66-year-old woman with a diagnosis of sacrum chordoma both reporting severe pain related to tumor.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the first case, zoledronic acid was able to maintain pain control despite disease progression following chemotherapy, in the other case, zoledronic acid only produced significant clinical benefit.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Control of pain associated with bone tumors such as chondrosarcoma and chondroma may significantly improve from use of zoledronic acid, independently from tumor response to other treatments. Evaluation on larger series are needed to confirm the clinical effect of this bisphosphonate on such tumors.</p
Time and space. The drawing of the space in motion.
The culture and nature of the contemporary world allows people and space to transform and “be reborn”. Every day, every moment, the person changes. Even space is constantly changing, moving over time and changing. Networks, technologies, virtuality, allow continuous and infinite visions, different in size and content. Space is represented through a succession of different realities that no longer depend on the classic notion of Time. In this way the space is defi ned in that representation that multiplies its image, preserving its identity and aura. Dynamism passes from the purely abstract and symbolic season of literary and pictorial movements to a visible physicality and real concreteness, becoming an expression of the identity of space. Thus, while the narrative plots become a necessary language to be investigated, the cinematographic sequences of cinematographic genre take on a relevance that goes far beyond mere representation, responding to the need to read and see all the possible realities. The moving image broadens the vision of physical space because the senses also perceive the characteristics and aesthetic and functional qualities that space is able to assume and transform over time. Every single frame detects and documents the actions of space and time. This work is a study on the design of space in movement through the notions of time and space. Here are presented some researches carried out on the representation of the space in motion, with the aim of investigating the possibilities of representing the space perceived and experienced by man. Every single frame detects and documents the actions of space and time that determine the mutations and transformations of the urban landscape.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.22.2019.15</p
Trans-papillary bilio-pancreatic stenting: When how and which stent
Nowadays, stenting malignant biliary stenosis (extrahepatic or hilar), benign biliary
stenosis, and pancreatic duct stenosis in chronic pancreatitis as well as stenting for
prophylaxis of post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
pancreatitis and for failed extraction of biliary stones or endoscopic papillectomy
are the many common challenges for a bilio-pancreatic endoscopist. The purpose
of this review is to provide a practical approach to bilio-pancreatic stenting
indications and techniques. Having a thorough understanding of stenting
indications and techniques, for a bilio-pancreatic endoscopist means being able
to develop a tailored approach for each clinical scenario depending on the type of
stent used. Biliary stents, in fact, vary in diameter, length, and composition, making
it possible to give each patient personalized treatment
Evaluation of the retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex thickness in pituitary macroadenomas without chiasmal compression.
Purpose The aim of this prospective study
was to measure the thickness of the
circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer
(cpRNFL) and the ganglion cell complex (GCC)
using spectral domain optical coherence
tomography (SD-OCT) in a cohort of
consecutive de novo patients with pituitary
macroadenomas without chiasmal compression.
Patients and methods Twenty-two
consecutive patients with pituitary
macroadenoma without chiasmal
compression (16 men, 6 women, aged
45.2±14.6 years, 43 eyes) entered the study
between September 2011 and June 2013.
Among them, 31.8% harboured a growth
hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, 27.3%
a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma,
27.3% a corticotrophin-secreting pituitary
adenoma, and 13.6% a non-secreting
pituitary tumour. Eighteen subjects (nine
females, nine males, mean age 36.47±6.37
years; 33 eyes) without pituitary adenoma,
with normal ophthalmic examination, served
as controls. In both patients and controls,
cpRNFL and GCC thicknesses were
measured by SD-OCT.
Results Patients were significantly older
(P=0.02) than controls. Best corrected visual
acuity, intraocular pressure, colour fundus
photography, and automatic perimetry test
were within the normal range in patients and
controls. Conversely, cpRNFL (P=0.009) and
GCC (Po0.0001) were significantly thinner in
patients than in controls. The average GCC
(r=0.306, P=0.046) significantly correlated
with the presence of arterial hypertension.
OCT parameters did not differ significantly
between patients with a tumour volumeabove the median and those with a tumour
volume below the median.
Conclusion Pituitary macroadenomas, even
in the absence of chiasmal compression, may
induce GCC and retinal nerve fibre layer
thinning. SD-OCT may have a role in the
early diagnosis and management of patients
with pituitary tumours