Historical Background: Evolution of the International Criminal Law, Individual Criminal Accountability and the Idea of A Permanent International Court

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Civil Society Actors in International Law and World Politics

Formation of the Coalition was not the culmination of a long-planned journey undertaken by the NGOs. Instead, it was an immediate response and initial reaction of civil society sector to the reluctance and indifference of states and intergovernmental organizations to the idea of creating an International Criminal Court (ICC). Although this state of indifference was in fact historically usual, especially the later attempts within the ILC in 1990s seemed to be promising, and civil society actors did not want to miss this opportunity

Politics vs. trade: a Realist view on TurkishIsraeli economic relations

This article investigates the relationship between trade and politics, particularly the effect of improved or deteriorated political ties upon economic relations with particular reference to the bilateral trade and diplomatic relations between Turkey and Israel. The study attempts to identify under what conditions bilateral trade is affected by any significant change in political relations. It finds that economic relations were relatively bolstered at times of enhanced political relations whereas visible deterioration or decline was observed in the volume and state of trade relations at some critical points when diplomatic relations worsened. However, this does not refer to a constant and steady decline and is limited to some severe diplomatic crises experienced in bilateral relations. Some major premises of Realist and Liberal theories are employed to analyse the findings in this study. These findings are at least partially against the main arguments in the literature of the Liberal approach that trade determines politics. However, the course of trade relations between Israel and Turkey appears to be consistent with the tenets of the Realist theory which pays greater attention to security than it does to trade relations and argues that trade may not be relevant to improved bilateral political relations

Financial Performance of Irrigation Associations: Selected Cases from Turkey

The objective of the study was to trace the performance of selected irrigation associations after the transfer of operation and maintenance (O&M) activities from the state to the farmers. Four irrigation associations were selected according to the regional and cropping pattern diversity. The area of the selected associations made up slightly more than 5 percent of the total transferred area. The data for the different types of revenues and expenses of the associations were obtained from the annual reports of the associations to the State Hydraulic Works. Results suggest that irrigation associations are able to fulfill irrigation tasks to a large extent using enhanced equipment. Fee collection rates are at improved levels, despite delays in payments, mainly due to the mismatch of the financial and production calendars. Dominant cropping patterns for cotton lead to higher and increasing O&M expenditures compared to cereals. Although the transfers increased the adjustment ability of farmers to exogenous factors, the findings suggest that it is still too early to decide on the sustainability of the transfer program