Drinking water quality assessment of Ergene River Basin (Turkey) by water quality index: essential and toxic elements

Ergene River Basin is the most significant aquatic habitat for Thrace Region and also one of the most polluted watersheds in Turkey. The objectives of this study were to determine some essential-toxic element accumulations in drinking water of settlement areas located in Ergene River Basin and evaluated the water quality in terms of local public health. Drinking water samples were collected from 30 stations in dry (summer) season of 2018. Cluster Analysis (CA) was used to classify the investigated elements and villages and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was used to assess the water quality. According to results of elemental CA, 11 statistically significant clusters were formed in terms of elemental densities and according to results of locational CA, 3 statistically significant clusters were formed in terms of drinking water qualities. According to results of WAWQI, the risk sequence of the elements in drinking water of the system as follows: Se > As > Mo > B > Ba > Cr > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cd > Cu. Although Ergene River Basin is known as a very contaminated freshwater ecosystem, it was determined that the groundwater of the basin has I. - II class water quality, in general. Selenium accumulations detected in almost all the investigated villages exceeded the drinking water limit of 10 ppb. Arsenic, boron and molybdenum accumulations detected in some villages exceeded the drinking water standards. Although concentrations of some elements in some locations were exceed the limit values and recorded as quite high levels, the majority of investigated element concentrations in drinking water of the basin have been found to be in the range of human consumption standards

Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment of Felent Stream, Sakarya River Basin, Turkey

Abstract.-Many indices have been developed to evaluate the environmental risks of heavy metals in sediments. In the present study, two of these indices were used to determine the sediment quality of a polluted freshwater ecosystem. Sediment samples were collected seasonally from seven stations selected on Felent Stream and the accumulations of some heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in sediment were investigated seasonally. Potential ecological risk analysis (R I ) and biological toxicity test based sediment quality guidelines (mERM-Q) applied to the results to assess the environmental risks of heavy metals in the region (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn). According to the results, Köprüören and Yoncalı Villages (F2 and F3 stations) where mining -agricultural sections of the study area were "high -medium priority site" according to mERM-Q and has "moderate ecological risk" according to R I . Kütahya Province and estuary of stream (F6 and F7 stations) where urban sections of the study area had "high -medium priority site" and "medium -low priority site" respectively according to mERM-Q

Lead Accumulations in Biotic and Abiotic Components of Emet Stream, Uluabat Lake Basin, Turkey

Abstract.-Emet Stream is one of Turkey's most important river systems. It is used for purposes such as irrigation water, industrial water supply, receiving environment for domestic and industrial wastes and fishing activities around the regions that the stream passes. The aim of this study is to determine the lead levels both in biotic (fish tissues) and abiotic (water and sediment) components of Emet Stream. Water, sediment and fish samples (Squalius cii, (Richardson, 1857); Capoeta tinca, (Heckel, 1843); Barbus oligolepis, Battalgil, 1941) were collected from eight stations (one of them is on the Kınık Stream and one of them is on the Dursunbey Stream) on the Emet Stream seasonally between the dates of November 2010 -August 2011. According to data, the lowest Pb concentrations of water and sediment were determined in E1 station (0.00307 mg/L and 10.48 mg/kg); the highest Pb concentrations were determined in E4 station for water (0.02503 mg/L) and in E8 station for sediment (48.53 mg/kg). Pb accumulations in biotic and abiotic components of Emet Stream were determined as sediment > fish tissues > water; the Pb accumulations in tissues of S. cii and B. oligolepis follows as, liver > kidney > gill > muscle; in tissues of C. tinca follows as, kidney > liver > gill > muscle respectively and it was also determined that biotic components of system were highly affected by the lead

Postmastectomy irradiation in breast in breast cancer patients with T1-2 and 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes: Is there a role for radiation therapy?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We aimed to evaluate retrospectively the correlation of loco-regional relapse (LRR) rate, distant metastasis (DM) rate, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in a group of breast cancer (BC) patients who are at intermediate risk for LRR (T1-2 tumor and 1-3 positive axillary nodes) treated with or without postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) following modified radical mastectomy (MRM).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ninety patients, with T1-T2 tumor, and 1-3 positive nodes who had undergone MRM received adjuvant systemic therapy with (n = 66) or without (n = 24) PMRT. Patient-related characteristics (age, menopausal status, pathological stage/tumor size, tumor location, histology, estrogen/progesterone receptor status, histological grade, nuclear grade, extracapsular extension, lymphatic, vascular and perineural invasion and ratio of involved nodes/dissected nodes) and treatment-related factors (PMRT, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy) were evaluated in terms of LRR and DM rate. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier DFS and OS rates were analysed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Differences between RT and no-RT groups were statistically significant for all comparisons in favor of RT group except OS: LRR rate (3%vs 17%, p = 0.038), DM rate (12% vs 42%, p = 0.004), 5 year DFS (82.4% vs 52.4%, p = 0.034), 5 year OS (90,2% vs 61,9%, p = 0.087). In multivariate analysis DM and lymphatic invasion were independent poor prognostic factors for OS.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>PMRT for T1-2, N1-3 positive BC patients has to be reconsidered according to the prognostic factors and the decision has to be made individually with the consideration of long-term morbidity and with the patient approval.</p

Colonic Metastasis from Carcinoma of the Breast that Mimicks a Primary Intestinal Cancer

Although the lung, liver, or bones are the most common location for distant metastases in breast cancer patients, metastases to the intestinal tract are very rarely recognized in the clinic. We will present an unusual case of colonic metastasis from a carcinoma of the breast that mimics a primary intestinal cancer, along with a through review of English language medical literature. Despite the fact that isolated gastrointestinal (GI) metastases are very rare and much less common than benign disease processes or second primaries of the intestinal tract in patients with a history of breast cancer, metastatic disease should be given consideration whenever a patient experiences GI symptoms

Bioecological and statistical risk assessment of toxic metals in sediments of a worldwide important wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey)

Gala Lake National Park that has an international importance is one of the most important wetland ecosystems for Turkey. As same as many aquatic habitats, Gala Lake is under a significant anthropogenic pressure originated from agricultural activities conducted around the lake and from industrial discharges by means of Ergene River

Uptake of Silver From Large Silver Deposits on Biotic and Abiotic Components of the Closest Lothic System: Felent Stream, Turkey

Abstract.-In the present study, water, sediment, diatom (epipelic), plant (Lemna trisulca), benthos (Gammarus sp. and Hirudo sp.) and fish samples (Alburnus escherichii and Gobio sakaryaensis) were collected from Felent Stream (closest lothic system to an important silver mine of Turkey) to determine the natural and anthropogenic effects. Cluster Analysis, Boxplot Deviation Diagrams and One Way ANOVA Test were applied to evaluate the data. Extreme silver contaminations were detected both in biotic and abiotic components of Köprüören Village. The highest silver level was recorded as 7.98 mg/kg in sediment of stream in spring season. Significant increases of silver levels were determined in spring and autumn seasons in water of entire basin. Silver bioaccumulations in tissues of A. escherichii and G. sakaryaensis followed the order: liver &gt; gonad &gt; gill &gt; muscle. Significant differences were found in Gammarus sp. (0.026 -0.234 mg/kg) and L. trisulca (0.009 -0.206 mg/kg) collected from uncontaminated source of stream and Köprüören Village (contaminated) and in Hirudo sp. (under the detection limit -0.05 mg/kg) collected from source of stream and solid waste storage area. Also silver bioaccumulations in epipelic diatom frustules of Yoncalı Village (after discharge of mine) were significantly higher than uncontaminated stations (an average of 7 times). It was also found that solid waste disposal site of Kütahya Province was an important source of silver pollution whereas Enne Dam Lake was a significant barrier for silver accumulation and biomagnification downstream of basin

Uptake of Silver From Large Silver Deposits on Biotic and Abiotic Components of the Closest Lothic System: Felent Stream, Turkey

Abstract.-In the present study, water, sediment, diatom (epipelic), plant (Lemna trisulca), benthos (Gammarus sp. and Hirudo sp.) and fish samples (Alburnus escherichii and Gobio sakaryaensis) were collected from Felent Stream (closest lothic system to an important silver mine of Turkey) to determine the natural and anthropogenic effects. Cluster Analysis, Boxplot Deviation Diagrams and One Way ANOVA Test were applied to evaluate the data. Extreme silver contaminations were detected both in biotic and abiotic components of Köprüören Village. The highest silver level was recorded as 7.98 mg/kg in sediment of stream in spring season. Significant increases of silver levels were determined in spring and autumn seasons in water of entire basin. Silver bioaccumulations in tissues of A. escherichii and G. sakaryaensis followed the order: liver &gt; gonad &gt; gill &gt; muscle. Significant differences were found in Gammarus sp. (0.026 -0.234 mg/kg) and L. trisulca (0.009 -0.206 mg/kg) collected from uncontaminated source of stream and Köprüören Village (contaminated) and in Hirudo sp. (under the detection limit -0.05 mg/kg) collected from source of stream and solid waste storage area. Also silver bioaccumulations in epipelic diatom frustules of Yoncalı Village (after discharge of mine) were significantly higher than uncontaminated stations (an average of 7 times). It was also found that solid waste disposal site of Kütahya Province was an important source of silver pollution whereas Enne Dam Lake was a significant barrier for silver accumulation and biomagnification downstream of basin