CLASSIFIYING TURKISH AND ALBANIAN BUSINESS ENTITIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEW TURKISH COMMERCIAL CODE

On April 14 2008 the Albanian Parliament approved the Law on Entrepreneurs andCommercial Companies (9901/2008), which entered into force on May 21 2008.This Law shall regulate the status of entrepreneurs, the founding and managing ofcompanies, the rights and obligations of founders, partners, members, andshareholders, companies' reorganization and liquidation. According to this Law companies are shoqerite kolektive (Art.22), shoqerite komandite (Art.56), Shoqeria me pergjegjesi te kufizuar (Art.68) or Shoqeri aksionare (Art.105). The equivalents of these companies in Turkish Law are general partnerships (Kollektif Sirket) for shoqerite kolektive (Art.22), limited partnerships (Komandit Sirket) for shoqerite komandite (Art.56), limited liability companies (Limited Sirket) for Shoqeria mepergjegjesi te kufizuar (Art.68) and joint-stock companies (Anonim Sirket) for Shoqeri aksionare (Art. 105). In the present study we are going to classify the companies for the respect of whether they own legal personality, whether shareholders are responsible for company's commitments and especially if they are Companies of Persons and Capitals

Fracture of an osteochondroma treated successfully with total excision: two case reports

Fracture of an osteochondroma is a rare complication. We report two cases of fractured osteochondroma in two children that were treated successfully with total excision

Phytocontact dermatitis due to Ranunculus arvensis mimicking burn injury: report of three cases and literature review

Ranunculus arvensis (corn buttercup) is a plant species of the genus Ranunculus that is frequently used in the Far East to treat rheumatic diseases and several dermatological disorders. In Turkey, the plant is seen in the eastern and southeastern Anatolian highlands, which are underdeveloped areas of the country. Herein, we report three patients who used Ranunculus arvensis for the treatment of arthralgia and osteoarthritis. A distinctive phytodermatitis developed on the right thumb in one patient (48-year-old male), on the anterior aspect of both knees in another patient (70-year-old female) and all around both knees in a third (59-year-old female). The patients were treated with topical antibiotics and daily wound dressing, and none of them experienced any complications. Ranunculus arvensis was confirmed as the cause of the phytodermatitis in the three cases. Poultices of plants applied to the skin demonstrate beneficial effects on many dermatological and rheumatic diseases; however, they have several adverse effects that should not be ignored. In this study, we also present a review of 25 cases reported in the literature

Erratum: “Human lung-on-chips: Advanced systems for respiratory virus models and assessment of immune response” [Biomicrofluidics 15, 021501 (2021)]

It has been drawn to the authors’ attention that our original article1 did not appropriately attribute portions of a figure that we had reused from Ref. 2. The figure caption as it should have appeared follows. FIG. 2. (a) Schematic depicting human lung, (b) respiratory airways including the bronchioles and the alveolus, (c) gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane of the alveolar sac, and (d) the distribution of the predominant cell types of the human lung. The images for (a) and (b) created by using the visuals in the SMART Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/) program licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Images for (c) and (d) are reprinted with permission from P. Bajaj et al., ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2, 473 (2016). Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society

Erratum: “Human lung-on-chips: Advanced systems for respiratory virus models and assessment of immune response” [Biomicrofluidics 15, 021501 (2021)]

It has been drawn to the authors’ attention that our original article1 did not appropriately attribute portions of a figure that we had reused from Ref. 2. The figure caption as it should have appeared follows. FIG. 2. (a) Schematic depicting human lung, (b) respiratory airways including the bronchioles and the alveolus, (c) gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane of the alveolar sac, and (d) the distribution of the predominant cell types of the human lung. The images for (a) and (b) created by using the visuals in the SMART Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/) program licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Images for (c) and (d) are reprinted with permission from P. Bajaj et al., ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2, 473 (2016). Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society

Distinguishing mechanisms underlying EMT tristability

Abstract Background The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) endows epithelial-looking cells with enhanced migratory ability during embryonic development and tissue repair. EMT can also be co-opted by cancer cells to acquire metastatic potential and drug-resistance. Recent research has argued that epithelial (E) cells can undergo either a partial EMT to attain a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype that typically displays collective migration, or a complete EMT to adopt a mesenchymal (M) phenotype that shows individual migration. The core EMT regulatory network - miR-34/SNAIL/miR-200/ZEB1 - has been identified by various studies, but how this network regulates the transitions among the E, E/M, and M phenotypes remains controversial. Two major mathematical models – ternary chimera switch (TCS) and cascading bistable switches (CBS) - that both focus on the miR-34/SNAIL/miR-200/ZEB1 network, have been proposed to elucidate the EMT dynamics, but a detailed analysis of how well either or both of these two models can capture recent experimental observations about EMT dynamics remains to be done. Results Here, via an integrated experimental and theoretical approach, we first show that both these two models can be used to understand the two-step transition of EMT - E→E/M→M, the different responses of SNAIL and ZEB1 to exogenous TGF-β and the irreversibility of complete EMT. Next, we present new experimental results that tend to discriminate between these two models. We show that ZEB1 is present at intermediate levels in the hybrid E/M H1975 cells, and that in HMLE cells, overexpression of SNAIL is not sufficient to initiate EMT in the absence of ZEB1 and FOXC2. Conclusions These experimental results argue in favor of the TCS model proposing that miR-200/ZEB1 behaves as a three-way decision-making switch enabling transitions among the E, hybrid E/M and M phenotypes

Human lung-on-chips: Advanced systems for respiratory virus models and assessment of immune response

Respiratory viral infections are leading causes of death worldwide. A number of human respiratory viruses circulate in all age groups and adapt to person-to-person transmission. It is vital to understand how these viruses infect the host and how the host responds to prevent infection and onset of disease. Although animal models have been widely used to study disease states, incisive arguments related to poor prediction of patient responses have led to the development of microfluidic organ-on-chip models, which aim to recapitulate organ-level physiology. Over the past decade, human lung chips have been shown to mimic many aspects of the lung function and its complex microenvironment. In this review, we address immunological responses to viral infections and elaborate on human lung airway and alveolus chips reported to model respiratory viral infections and therapeutic interventions. Advances in the field will expedite the development of therapeutics and vaccines for human welfare

A foreign body response-on-a-chip platform

Understanding the foreign body response (FBR) and desiging strategies to modulate such a response represent a grand challenge for implant devices and biomaterials. Here, the development of a microfluidic platform is reported, i.e., the FBR?on?a?chip (FBROC) for modeling the cascade of events during immune cell response to implants. The platform models the native implant microenvironment where the implants are interfaced directly with surrounding tissues, as well as vasculature with circulating immune cells. The study demonstrates that the release of cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP?1) from the extracellular matrix (ECM)?like hydrogels in the bottom tissue chamber induces trans?endothelial migration of circulating monocytes in the vascular channel toward the hydrogels, thus mimicking implant?induced inflammation. Data using patient?derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells further reveal inter?patient differences in FBR, highlighting the potential of this platform for monitoring FBR in a personalized manner. The prototype FBROC platform provides an enabling strategy to interrogate FBR on various implants, including biomaterials and engineered tissue constructs, in a physiologically relevant and individual?specific manner

Gallium Arsenide detectors for X-ray and electron (beta particle) spectroscopy

Results characterizing GaAs p+-i-n+ mesa photodiodes with a 10 µm i layer for their spectral response under illumination of X-rays and beta particles are presented. A total of 22 devices, having diameters of 200 µm and 400 µm, were electrically characterized at room temperature. All devices showed comparable characteristics with a measured leakage current ranging from 4 nA/cm2 to 67 nA/cm2 at an internal electric field of 50 kV/cm. Their unintentionally doped i layers were found to be almost fully depleted at 0 V due to their low doping density. 55Fe X-ray spectra were obtained using one 200 µm diameter device and one 400 µm diameter device. The best energy resolution (FWHM at 5.9 keV) achieved was 625 eV using the 200 µm and 740 eV using the 400 µm diameter device, respectively. Noise analysis showed that the limiting factor for the energy resolution of the system was the dielectric noise; if this noise was eliminated by better design of the front end of the readout electronics, the achievable resolution would be 250 eV. 63Ni beta particle spectra obtained using the 200 µm diameter device showed the potential utility of these detectors for electron and beta particle detection. The development of semiconductor electron spectrometers is important particularly for space plasma physics; such devices may find use in future space missions to study the plasma environment of Jupiter and Europa and the predicted electron impact excitation of water vapor plumes from Europa hypothesized as a result of recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV observations

Phytochemical characterization of phloem in maritime pine and stone pine in three sites in Portugal

This study analyzes the content and chemical profile of extractives present in the young phloem of mature trees of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and stone pine (P. pinea) in three sites in Portugal located in different climatic environments. The cross-sites average of extractives was similar in both pines with 38.5% in P. pinea and 37.7% in P. pinaster phloem. The hydrophilic fraction represented 82% and 70% of P. pinea and P. pinaster total extractives respectively, with large contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins, and showed very high oxygen scavenging and reducing ability. Lipophilic extractives were present in higher proportion in P. pinaster phloem than in P. pinea phloem, and showed a large content of resin acids, with the predominance of abietic acid in P. pinaster, and dehydroabietic acid in P. pinea phloems, and of alkanoic acids. P. pinaster and P. pinea have specific defences related to phloem production of resin and phenolic compounds with the ratio phenolic-to-oleoresin compounds higher for P. pinea (4.7 vs 2.3 for P. pinaster) and constant in the three sites. The phytochemical content and composition of the young phloem of P. pinaster and P. pinea showed site differences highlighting the relationship between environment and metabolic productioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio