Internal mammary artery anastomoses in patients without breast lesions (BIRADS 1) and in patients with malignant breast lesions (BIRADS 6) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Background: We aimed to compare the frequency of IMA (internal mammarian artery) anastomoses in right and left breasts in patients without breast lesions and in patients with malignant breast lesions. Material/Methods: A total of 100 patients with no breast lesions and a total of 100 patients with malignant breast lesions were included in the study. The anastomoses of IMA of right and left breasts were evaluated on MIP and post-contrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Breast MRI scans were read by a radiologist. Results: In patients with no breast lesions, IMA anastomoses were found in 45% of cases, and in patients with malignant breast lesions, IMA anastomoses were found in 58% cases. In four patients with malignant lesions, ipsilateral IMA was rudimentary, and the lesion was feeding from the contralateral IMA. Conclusions: No statistically significant difference was found between patients without any breast lesions and patients with malignant breast lesions with respect to the frequency of IMA anastomoses in right and left breasts. The frequencies were higher than expected in both group

Characterization of greater middle eastern genetic variation for enhanced disease gene discovery

The Greater Middle East (GME) has been a central hub of human migration and population admixture. The tradition of consanguinity, variably practiced in the Persian Gulf region, North Africa, and Central Asia1-3, has resulted in an elevated burden of recessive disease4. Here we generated a whole-exome GME variome from 1,111 unrelated subjects. We detected substantial diversity and admixture in continental and subregional populations, corresponding to several ancient founder populations with little evidence of bottlenecks. Measured consanguinity rates were an order of magnitude above those in other sampled populations, and the GME population exhibited an increased burden of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) but showed no evidence for reduced burden of deleterious variation due to classically theorized ‘genetic purging’. Applying this database to unsolved recessive conditions in the GME population reduced the number of potential disease-causing variants by four- to sevenfold. These results show variegated genetic architecture in GME populations and support future human genetic discoveries in Mendelian and population genetics

Sonographically unusual breast carcinomas : 2 case reports

BACKGROUND: For infiltrative breast lesions; sonography might not always be as helpful as mammography and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). For higher sensitivity and specificity, these 3 imaging methods should be carried out together. Radiologists should be aware of the patient's history and complaints. Patients who have a specific history like a long-term drug treatment or a palpable tumour should be approached differently. CASE REPORT: We would like to present 2 cases with atypical sonographic findings. The first case is an infiltrative breast cancer with occult sonography findings in a patient with a history of a long-term immunosuppressive drug treatment due to kidney transplantation and the second case is a malignant breast tumour which is hyperechogenic on sonography. CONCLUSIONS: Overall breast sonography should always be correlated with mammography in patients over 40 years old and the images should be interpreted along with the patient's history and clinical status

Effects of Azithromycin and Chlorella vulgaris Treatment on Certain Cytokine Values and NK Cell Activity in an Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis Model

Toxoplasmosis is a common infection with a complicated treatment process. Azithromycin (AZT) is a macrolide antibiotic that can be effectively used in patients with cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis and has fewer side effects. Chlorella vulgaris (CV), a single-cell green algae that contains nutrients and has various biological effects. CV extract (CVE) has been shown to have protective effects against infections via immune enhancement by increasing the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-gamma levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of AZT and CV, individually and in combination, against acute toxoplasmosis in mice, and their effects on NK cell cytotoxixity, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 levels. Six groups of mice (Balb/c) were formed. With the exception of the healthy control (HC) group, all other groups were infected with 1 ml (11 x 10(4) trofozoit/ml) Toxoplasma gondii RH strain trophozoites. No further action was performed for infected control (IC) group. After 24 hours from trophozoite infection, CVE was given to CV group, AZT to azithromycin group and CVE + AZT combination to CV + AZT group by oral gavage for 6 days. All of the mice from IC, CV, AZT and CV + AZT groups were sacrified on the 8th day of the infection and serum, peritoneal fluid and spleen samples were collected. Trophozoite count of the groups were determined in all groups except HC group and the average growth inhibition activity was calculated by using the growth inhibition formula. In all groups IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-2 levels were measured with ELISA method and cytotoxicity of the NK cells were measured using Cytotox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay. The number of trophozoites were significantly lower in the CV group than the IC group (p<0.001), and also significantly lower in CV + AZT combination group than the AZT group. According to the growth inhibition calculations CV treatment showed 88.6%, AZT treatment 98.46%, AZT + CV combination treatment 99.4% antiprotozoal activity against T.gondii compared with the IC group. NK cell cytotoxicity in the CV and the combination group were significantly higher than all the other groups (p<0.001). IL-12 and IFN-gamma levels were highest in IC group and the lowest in AZT + CV group. This situation has been linked to the fact that the severity of the infection has fallen considerably. IL-2 levels were significantly higher in CV, CV + AZT groups than in the other groups (p<0.001). In our study, even CV administration alone caused a significant decline in infection. This may be related to the increased NK cytotoxicity, IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-g levels. CV + AZT combination seems to be an effective treatment option than AZT alone, particularly in patients who are difficult to treat with common methods or in patients with immunosuppression

The effect of artificial accelerated aging on the color stability, microhardness, and surface roughness of different dental laminate veneer materials

© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of artificial accelerated aging (AAA) on color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness of three laminate veneer (LV) materials. Materials and Methods: Specimens of ceramic LV (CLV-IPS E.max Press), hand-layered composite LV (hand-layered laminate veneer [HLV]-Tetric N-Ceram), and prefabricated composite LV (prefabricated laminate veneer [PLV]-Componeer Coltene) were prepared as discs (n = 10). CIE L*, a*, and b* color coordinates, the Vickers microhardness, and surface roughness were measured 24 hours after preparation and reevaluated after aging for 300 hours in an ultraviolet (UV)-AAA system (Ci35 Weather-Ometer). Color difference (CIEDE2000 [ΔE00]) was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Kruskall-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests (α =.05). Results: All of the LV groups showed significant differences in ΔE00 after AAA (P <.001). Comparing the color changes of the HLVs with the PLVs, no significant difference could be found (P =.705). There was a statistically significant difference in the means of changes in microhardness among the LVs materials (P <.001). The changes in surface roughness results showed a significant difference after AAA in all the LVs (P <.001). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the color stability, the microhardness, and surface roughness of tested LVs were influenced by AAA. Clinical significance: The prefabricated composite LV system does not replace the individualized ceramic LV technique, but rather offers an alternative to hand-layered LVs, which is delicate and time-consuming technique

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mandibular Conventional and Implant Prostheses in a Group of Turkish Patients: A Quality of Life Study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) in a group of patients using mandibular complete dentures, implant-retained overdentures, removable partial dentures (RPDs), or implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs)

INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYSICAL AND THERMAL COMFORT CHARACTERISTICS OF KNITTED FABRICS USED FOR SHOE LININGS

WOS: 000359183300005The versatility of spacer fabrics includes the ability to knit two entirely different fabrics having different properties and connect them to form a unique structure. Their characteristics like excellent compression elasticity and cushioning, high breathability and air permeability, high thermal insulation and temperature regulation, surface resistance make them concept of study for footwear area. This paper aims to investigate the physical and thermal comfort attributes of flat knitted spacer and interlock fabrics designed for shoe linings. Cotton, Cotton/Bamboo, Cotton/Type A blended yarn and Cotton/Type B blended yarn (20/1 Nm) were used for the production of interlock and flat knitted spacer fabrics. In the production of spacer fabrics, polyamide (20/1 Nm) yarn was used as spacer yarn. Characteristics like fabric extensibility, friction coefficient, water vapour permeability, air permeability and thermal comfort properties of the fabrics were investigated, in order to select the most suitable materials and fabric structures for footwear linings.UEFISCDI; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [600/2013]; bilateral Romanian - Turkish projectThe authors would like to acknowledge the support of bilateral Romanian - Turkish project, financed by UEFISCDI and TUBITAK, within contract no. 600/2013