Volume equations for Caucasian fir - Oriental spruce mixed stands in Ardanuç, Artvin

The objective of this study is to estimation of stem volume for Caucasian fir - Oriental spruce mixed stands in Artvin-Ardanuç region of Turkey. For this purpose, the data obtained from 213 felled sample trees in total, which are 107 Caucasian fir and 106 Oriental spruce, were used. The fitted equations were ranked according to goodness-of-fit criterias (adjusted coefficient of determination (R_(adj.)^2), standard deviation of residuals (Sy.x), average residuals (D ̅), average absolute residuals (|D ̅ |), absolute mean error percentage (OMH%) and total error percentage (TH%)) and the most successful equations were selected based on relative ranks. The R_(adj.)^2 values of the most successful single- and double-entry tree volume equations for Caucasian fir and Oriental spruce were 0.982 and 0.988 - 0.981 and 0.992, respectively. The best fitted tree volume equations were tested with independent data set for both tree species using “Wilcoxon T Test” within the border of Ardanuç Forest District Directorates, and concluded that these equations can be used for these stands at the 0.05 significant level. It is proposed to construct both single and double entry tree volume equations for the both tree species

Open heart surgery in dialysis-dependent patients with end stage renal failure

Objective: Patients with chronic renal insufficiency remaina risky subgroup in open heart surgery becauseof various reasons. The incidence of cardiovascular diseasein hemodialysis dependent renal failure is found tobe higher when compared with the normal population.Chronic dialysis is still a very important independent riskfactor for mortality and morbidity despite of many studies.In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the outcome ofpatients with chronic renal failure who had undergone toopen cardiac surgery.Methods: The medical charts of 36 patients on maintenancedialysis who underwent cardiovascular surgerywere retrospectively analyzed. Peroperative findings ofthese patients were analyzed from patients’ hospital records.Results: Twenty-seven men (75%) and nine women(25%) totally 36 patients were included to study. Themean age was 58.3±8.5 (range, 44-76) years. 12 patientsunderwent coronary artery bypass surgery, 10 hadconcomitant coronary artery bypass surgery and valvereplacements, five had valve replacements, three hadconcomitant coronary artery bypass surgery and left ventriculectomy,four had valve replacement with other valverepair, two had aortic surgery due to ascending aortic aneurysms.The mean cross clamp time was 78.1±31.3 minand the mean perfusion time was 158.8±92.2 min. Themean intensive care unit stay was 60±41 hours, and themean hospital stay was 12±5 days. Hospital mortality ratewas %38.8.Conclusions: Cardiac and renal functions are closely associatedwith each other. Cardiac surgery operations canbe applied to patients with end-stage renal failure underacceptable risks. Appropriate preoperative preparationwith good postoperative patient follow-up is necessary tohave acceptable levels of morbidity and mortality rates. JClin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (3): 335-338Key words: Cardiac surgery, chronic renal failure, mortalit

The genetic history of the Southern Arc: a bridge between West Asia and Europe

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe

Modeling stem profile of caucasian fir and oriental spruce mixed stands in ardanuç, Turkey using nonlinear mixed-effects models

YÖK Tez No: 504475Bu çalışmada Ardanuç Orman İşletme Müdürlüğünde yayılış gösteren Doğu Karadeniz Göknarı - Doğu Ladini karışık meşcerelerinde doğrusal olmayan karışık etkili modelleme yaklaşımıyla gövde çapı ve gövde hacim modeli geliştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla 107 adedi Göknar ve 106 adedi ise Ladin olmak üzere toplamda kesilen 213 adet örnek ağaçtan elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Her iki ağaç türü için de en başarılı olarak belirlenen Jiang et al gövde çapı denkleminin göknar ve ladin ağaç türleri için sırasıyla, belirtme katsayıları (Radj^2) değerleri %98.7 ve 98.3, Tahminin Standart Hata (SEE) değerleri 1.700 ve 1.814 cm, Ortalama Hata (E) değerleri 0.143 ve 0.167 cm, Ortalama Mutlak Hata (MAE) değerleri ise 1.179 ve 1.269 cm olarak elde edilmiştir. AIC, BIC ve -2LnL ölçüt değerleri dikkate alındığında, her iki ağaç türü için en uygun karışık etkili model yapısının Jiang et al modelinin b3 ve b4 parametrelerinin tesadüfi değişken olması durumunda ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. İki parametresi tesadüfi olan bu karışık etkili model, homojen bir hata varyansı dağılımı göstermiş ve veriler arası otokorelasyon problemini hemen hemen gidermiştir. Ayrıca, test edilen 12 farklı kalibrasyon seçenekleri içinde en iyi tahmin sonuçları, Göknar ağaç türü için ağaçların orta bölgesindeki beş adet ve Ladin ağaç türü için ise ağaçların en dip kısmındaki dört çapın ölçümüne ilişkin kalibrasyon seçeneği ile elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında ayrıca her iki tür için tek ve çift girişli ağaç hacim denklemi geliştirilmiştir. Doğu Karadeniz Göknarı ve Doğu Ladini için tek ve çift girişli gövde hacim denklemlerinin düzeltilmiş belirtme katsayıları sırasıyla 0.982-0.988 ve 0.981-0.992 olarak elde edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, her iki ağaç türü için de geliştirilen hem tek girişli hem de çift girişli ağaç hacim denklemlerinin, bu denklemlerin geliştirilmesinde kullanılan verilerin alındığı Ardanuç yöresindeki meşcerelere uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.The objective of this study is to develop segmented polynomial taper equations which enable detailed volume estimations using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach for Caucasian fir - Oriental spruce mixed stands in Artvin-Ardanuç region of Turkey. For this purpose, the data obtained from 213 felled sample trees in total, which are 107 Caucasian fir and 106 Oriental spruce, were used. The Jiang et al.'s stem profile model produced the best prediction results for both tree species. The adjusted coefficient of determination ((Radj^2), Standart Error of Estimate (SEE), Bias (E), and Mean Absolute Error (|E|) values of the model were found as 98.7 % and 98.3%, 1.700 and 1.814 cm, 0.143 and 0.167 cm, 1.179 and 1.269 cm for Caucasian fir and Oriental spruce trees, respectively. Based on AIC, BIC and -2LnL criteria, the model including random-effects in two parameters (b3 ve b4) were the best for both tree species. This mixed-effects model with two random parameters showed homogeneous residual variance and autocorrelation was almost removed. In addition, among 12 different calibration choices, the best results were obtained with the choice involving the measurement of five diameters that divide the sample tree measurements into two equal parts for Caucasian fir and of four diameters that are the lowest the base of the sample tree for Oriental spruce. It is also proposed to construct both single and double entry tree volume equations for the both tree species.These selected models accounted for 98.2 and 98.8% – 98.1 and 99.2% of the total variance in single and double entry tree volume equations for Caucasian fir and Oriental spruce, respectively. Tree volume equations were tested with independent data set for both tree species within the border of Ardanuç Forest District Directorates, and concluded that these equations can be used for these stands at the 0.05 significant level

Peripheral vascular injuries

Aim: To determine etiology and management in patients with peripheral vascular trauma.Materials and Methods: From 2005 to 2006 with a diagnosis of peripheral artery injury, 69 cases admitted to Diyarbakır State Hospital Department of Cardiovascular surgery.Results: These cases have been respectively reviewed. The causes of injuries were; penetrating injuries in 60 cases (87%), blunt trauma in seven cases (10%) and gunshot injuries in two cases (3%). In 53 cases (74%) upper extremity, in 15 cases (21%) lower extremity was involved. As a surgical procedure, in 34 cases (47%) end-to-end anastomosis, in 28 cases (39%) lateral suture, in five cases (7%) venous graft interposition, in five cases (7%) ligation was performed.Conclusion: Early intervention, transfusion of fluid and blood, systemic anticoagulation, preoperative and postoperative detailed debridement decreased the morbidity and mortality rates

Polystyrene negative resist for high-resolution electron beam lithography

Abstract We studied the exposure behavior of low molecular weight polystyrene as a negative tone electron beam lithography (EBL) resist, with the goal of finding the ultimate achievable resolution. It demonstrated fairly well-defined patterning of a 20-nm period line array and a 15-nm period dot array, which are the densest patterns ever achieved using organic EBL resists. Such dense patterns can be achieved both at 20 and 5 keV beam energies using different developers. In addition to its ultra-high resolution capability, polystyrene is a simple and low-cost resist with easy process control and practically unlimited shelf life. It is also considerably more resistant to dry etching than PMMA. With a low sensitivity, it would find applications where negative resist is desired and throughput is not a major concern.</p

A rare cause of dysphagia: Non aneurysmatıc dysphagia aortica

Dysphagia aortica is a rare etiological factor of dysphagia resulting from extrinsic compression of the esophagus by thoracic aorta. There is no gold standard diagnostic procedure for dysphagia aortica. Dysphagia aortica is usually escaped to attention in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia. Here, we reported compression of the esophagus by thoracic aorta in a 54 years-old male patient who complained from dysphagia

Pregnancy Complicated with Severe Recurrent Aortic Coarctation: A Case Report

A 23-year-old primigravida was referred to our clinic for evaluation of high blood pressure (BP) in her 16th week of gestation. She had an operation to repair congenital aortic coarctation and patent ductus arteriosus 8 years ago. On physical examination the blood pressure in upper extremity was 155/95 and in lower extremity was 90/55 mmHg, and heart rate was 93 beats/min. Transthoracic echocardiography showed narrowing of the descending aorta, the diameter of the aortic arch was 10.60 mm and an echocardiographic gradient was 96 mmHg. During the pregnancy (from 16 weeks to 38 weeks) BP was regulated with metoprolol. Cesarean section delivery was applied at 38 weeks of gestation. There was no complication in postpartum period. Spinal anesthesia application was used for caesarean section intervention and healthy female baby was delivered with the APGAR scores of 10/10. Herein the diagnosis of aortic coarctation is reviewed and the management when found during pregnancy is discussed