Indonesia’s Legal Policies Amid Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced States to promulgate various legal policies to restrain public activities, including limiting or prohibiting people to exercise their right to religious freedom or beliefs (FoRB) in the public sphere and imposing repressive sanctions. International Human Rights Law (IHRL) regulates the standard limitation of FoRB, but the Government of Indonesia struggled to balance respecting FoRB and protecting public health, especially in the emergency of Covid-19. While the Government is oriented to protect public health, new violations of FORB add more backlog on unresolved cases. Through a Human Rights-Based Approach and case studies, three essential principles of FoRB, namely the principle of non-discrimination, the principle of proportional restriction, and the principle of non-coercion in religion, will be analyzed qualitatively to assess, first, the extent to which legal policies in Indonesia amid Covid-19 are compatible with IHRL. Second, the extent to which these legal policies impact the right to religious freedom of the people. Third, to ask the question: how should the legal policies in the Covid-19 era be formulated so that the State can balance the protection of public health and religious freedom?   Keywords: Covid-19, the right to freedom of religion or belief, the right to public health, derogation, limitation

Publications of the Identity of Children in Conflict with the Law on the Official Site of the Indonesian Supreme Court Decision Directory

Protection of children's rights in conflict with the law (ABH) is a state obligation. The protection aims to ensure the best interests of the child and to prevent discrimination. As stated in Article 19 of Law Number 11 of 2012, one of the rights is that law enforcement institutions are not allowed to publish the identities of ABH, either in print/ electronic media. However, their identities are still revealed in various Decisions of children's cases. Particularly, their identity is published on the Site of the Supreme Court's Ruling Directory. The purpose of this study is to find out why the Supreme Court Decision Directory Site does not keep the identity of ABH a secret and what are the implications. This research used a socio-legal approach. The results of the study show the management team did not understand their main tasks and rules of protecting the identity of ABH, inconsistency in checking copies of court decisions, ineffective monitoring, and only a handful of people reported the case so this situation is considered normal. The implications of the children’s identity disclosure have affected the rights of children, families, and applicable rules that do not provide legal certainty

Approach for Diagnostic and Treatment of Chronic Diarrhea Caused by Hookworm Infection

Chronic diarrhea has various etiologies. One of the causes includes parasitic infection, such as hookworm. Human hookworm infections are caused by the blood-feeding intestinal nematodes (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus). A 54-year-old male was admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with a chief complaint of diarrhea since one month before hospital admission. He experienced diarrhea more than five times a day, without blood and mucus. The stool appearance was yellow without bubbles. He also noted decreased appetite and weight loss. The remarkable physical finding was pain in whole abdomen. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis; while the feces analysis showed bacteria, leukocytes and Gram-negative bacilli. Colonoscopy examination revealed a lot of worms in the colon with multiple ulcers. Histopathological findings indicated colitis with plasma and eosinophils cells in the lamina propia. Parasitology analysis confirmed the hookworms (Necator americanus). The patient was given intravenous fluid, albendazole 400 mg in three consecutive days. The patient's clinical condition was improved and he was subsequently discharged after seven days of hospitalization. During the follow up at outpatient clinic, the patient was in healthy condition. This is a demonstrative case of human hookworm infection that cause chronic diarrhea. Colonoscopy plays important role for evaluating and finding the etiology of chronic diarrhea. Proper treatment with albendazole has been proven to be effective in eradicating hookworm infection