Institutionalized “Culture Development” and the Development of Local Communities in Zimbabwe

In the Zimbabwean context, two cultures are regarded as dominant; Shona and Ndebele. The domination of these two cultures led to the pushing of the other cultures to the periphery. The domination and or the systematic blocking of cultures from accessing their basic rights is referred to as culture marginalisation; however, culture is regarded as fundamental to any society’s development. Thus, this study used Afrocentricity as the theoretical framework in a bid to unravel the role non-governmental organisations play in cultural development for sustainable economic development. The study engaged both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. These methods enabled the researchers to establish that ‘culture development’ is a foreign phenomenon in the Shangani community that has achieved little concerning culture improvement. It has also been established that ‘culture development’ cannot be promoted by institutions that are donor funded since donor funds sponsor projects to achieve certain goals. ‘Culture development’ has hence been established to be the manipulation of culture by the elite for various reasons. The study also established that ‘culture development’ in the Shangani community is failing to bring about sustainable community development as per Gaza’s vision thus this study concludes that ‘culture development’ is culture manipulation for various reasons that include political as well as economic. Keywords: Shangani, Institutionalization of Culture, Culture development, Sustainable development, Popular culture, Politics, Ideology. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/70-03 Publication date:June 30th 202

Mística e Literatura no percurso contemplativo de Thomas Merton

Resumo: O presente texto estabelece paralelos possíveis entre a mística e a literatura, a experiência religiosa e a experiência estética, a partir do percurso contemplativo do monge trapista Thomas Merton. Poeta, ensaísta, autor de uma vasta obra sobre temas religiosos, expressa de forma paradigmática as possibilidades e também as tensões entre o religioso e o estético, a religião e a arte. Na dinâmica da palavra e do silêncio, emergem temas centrais da tradição mística cristã.Abstract: The present text establishes possible parallels between mysticism and literature, religious experience and aesthetic experience, from the contemplative course of the Trappist monk Thomas Merton. Poet, essayist, author of a vast work on religious themes, expresses in a paradigmatic way the possibilities and also the tensions between the religious and the aesthetic, religion and art. In the dynamics of word and silence, central themes of the Christian mystical tradition emerge.Keywords: Literature; Mystic; Thomas Merton; Poetry; Contemplatio

Understanding the United Kingdom marine aquarium trade–a mystery shopper study of species on sale

In this study, we conducted a unique survey of marine ornamental fishes appearing in UK retail stores, as well as a review of government trade statistics, with the aim to significantly strengthen the evidence‐base in support of future management initiatives. Fifty marine aquarium retailers were visited. A total of 380 marine aquarium fish species (4926 individuals), from 48 families were recorded with the largest proportion of individuals belonging to the families Pomacentridae, Acanthuridae, Apogonidae, Labridae, Pomacanthidae, Gobiidae and Labridae. The majority of fishes for sale (91% of species) originated from the Indo‐Pacific Ocean, with only a small number (9% of species) derived from the Atlantic Ocean. However, exact sources of individual species were unclear and poorly documented. Government trade statistics revealed that the ornamental reef‐fish trade in the UK grew markedly between 1996 and 2008 with a rapid acceleration in 2003–2004. However, imports have declined since 2008 and amounted to less than 305,000 kg in 2017 with an economic value of UK £3 million (c. US $3.8). Recent trade data (2017) identify Indonesia, USA, Philippines and the Maldives as the most important countries in terms of imports to the UK. The UK is an important exporter of wild‐caught fishes via trans‐shipment, but also production of tank‐reared animals. Several species observed for sale in the UK have been designated by the IUCN and CITES as being of conservation concern, although all these animals are thought to have been captive‐reared

On sediment dispersal in the Whitsand Bay Marine Conservation Zone

Some ‘thought experiment’ modelling results and interpretations of data and theory are presented to investigate the possibility that Whitsand Bay, and its recently (2013) designated Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ), might have been affected in the past both by intrusion of dredge-spoil sediments from the now-closed disposal site located close to the seaward boundary of the MCZ and by suspended sediment and low salinity waters from the adjacent Tamar Estuary and Plymouth Sound. The schematic modelling work (2D and 3D) is considered to provide approximate indications rather than precise predictions. The component of Tamar waters present within the MCZ is computed to be small (<10%). The location of the dredge-spoil (model tracer/particle-release) source point is crucially important to the intrusion of tracer within the MCZ. Modelled bedload sediment transport from the disposal site toward or away from the MCZ occurs with high waves and is dependent on near-bed tidal, wave and wind-driven currents

Estudo e Monitoramento Tecnológico da Despolimerização do PET

This paper addresses a survey of PET depolymerization data using patents as sources of information. In order to collect the information, the Orbit® platform was used, applying the keywords "depolymerization", "Polyethylene terephthalate", "PET", "Poly (ethylene terephthalate)" and "depolymerization" as key words. The macro, meso and micro bases were gathered as the main technological features related to the field of research. The main processes for depolymerization of PET are hydrolysis, glycolysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis and methanolysis. Such technologies constitute the tertiary recycling or chemical recycling of PET.Este artigo trata do estudo e monitoramento tecnológico sobre a despolimerização do Poli tereftalato de etileno (PET), usando patentes como fontes de informações. O levantamento das informações foi realizado utilizando a plataforma Questel Orbit®, aplicando como entrada as palavras-chave para as buscas “despolimerização”, “Politereftalato de etileno”, “PET”, “Poly (ethylene therephthalate)” e “depolymerization”. Foram realizadas análises “macro”, “meso” e “micro”, com o objetivo de levantar as principais características tecnológicas relacionadas ao campo de pesquisa.  Os principais processos para despolimerização do PET estão a hidrólise, a glicólise, a aminólise, a amonólise e a metanólise. Tais tecnologias constituem a reciclagem terciária ou reciclagem química do PET

Current and wave effects around windfarm monopile foundations

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Current and wave effects around windfarm monopile foundations journaltitle: Coastal Engineering articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.01.003 content_type: article copyright: © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Estudo e Monitoramento Tecnológico do Tratamento de Efluentes por Eletrocoagulação

Este artigo aborda um estudo de monitoramento tecnológico da eletrocoagulação, usando patentes como fontes de informações. Para o levantamento das informações foi utilizada a base de dados privada, Questel Orbit®, aplicando como entrada as palavras-chave para as buscas: “eletrocoagulação”, “tratamento de água” e “alumínio”, sendo encontradas e utilizadas um total de 56 documentos de patentes. Foram realizadas análises “macro”, “meso” e “micro”, com o objetivo de levantar as principais características tecnológicas relacionadas ao tratamento de efluentes líquidos por eletrocoagulação. As principais aplicações mencionadas à eletrocoagulação ocorrem nas áreas de remoção de contaminantes e eletrodos inertes com 15 e 16 patentes, respectivamente. Outras áreas de destaque são as de reatores de eletrocoagulação com nove patentes e a da precipitação com seis documentos. Dentre as tecnologias relacionadas à eletrocoagulação, a que mais se destacaram foram as de tratamento de águas residuais e da modificação do ânodo e/ou do cátodo, somando 51,43% do total dos documentos analisados

Estudo e Monitoramento Tecnológico da Utilização do Ultrassom em Processos Químicos e com Membranas

Este artigo refere-se ao estudo de monitoramento da geração tecnológica no desenvolvimento de processo utilizando ultrassom, a partir da pesquisa de informações nos principais bancos de patentes, como Escritório Europeu de Patentes (EPO), Escritório Americano de Marcas e Patentes (USPTO), o Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) do Brasil, entre outros. Para levantamento das informações foi utilizada a plataforma Questel Orbit®, aplicando como entrada as palavras-chaves para as buscas “sonoquímica”, “ultrassom”, “membranas”, “polimérica”. Foram executadas análises “macro”, “meso” e “micro”, com o objetivo de levantar as principais características tecnológicas relacionadas ao processo utilizando ultrassom ao longo dos últimos anos. Dentre as áreas de tecnologias relacionadas ao Ultrassom, a que mais se destacou foi Engenharia Química na preparação e utilização do ultrassom em membranas poliméricas, somando 19% do total. A principal matéria-prima utilizada para a produção/aplicação juntamente com o ultrassom foi o polímero polieterimida, com destaque também para celulose

The implications of climate change for the water environment in England

This paper reviews the implications of climate change for the water environment and its management in England. There is a large literature, but most studies have looked at flow volumes or nutrients and none have considered explicitly the implications of climate change for the delivery of water management objectives. Studies have been undertaken in a small number of locations. Studies have used observations from the past to infer future changes, and have used numerical simulation models with climate change scenarios. The literature indicates that climate change poses risks to the delivery of water management objectives, but that these risks depend on local catchment and water body conditions. Climate change affects the status of water bodies, and it affects the effectiveness of measures to manage the water environment and meet policy objectives. The future impact of climate change on the water environment and its management is uncertain. Impacts are dependent on changes in the duration of dry spells and frequency of ‘flushing’ events, which are highly uncertain and not included in current climate scenarios. There is a good qualitative understanding of ways in which systems may change, but interactions between components of the water environment are poorly understood. Predictive models are only available for some components, and model parametric and structural uncertainty has not been evaluated. The impacts of climate change depend on other pressures on the water environment in a catchment, and also on the management interventions that are undertaken to achieve water management objectives. The paper has also developed a series of consistent conceptual models describing the implications of climate change for pressures on the water environment, based around the source-pathway-receptor concept. They provide a framework for a systematic assessment across catchments and pressures of the implications of climate change for the water environment and its management