On the Influence of X-Ray Galaxy Clusters in the Fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background

The negative evolution found in X--ray clusters of galaxies limits the amount of available hot gas for the inverse Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (the Sunyaev--Zel'dovich effect). Using a parametrisation of the X-ray luminosity function and its evolution in terms of a coalescence model (as presented in the analysis of a flux limited X-ray cluster sample by Edge et al. 1990), as well as a simple virialised structure for the clusters (which requires a gas to total mass fraction \approxgt 0.1 in order to reproduce observed properties of nearby clusters) we show that the Compton distortion $y$ parameter is about two orders of magnitude below the current FIRAS upper limits. Concerning the anisotropies imprinted on arcmin scales they are dominated by the hottest undetected objects. We show that they are negligible ({\Delta T\over T}\approxlt 10^{-7}) at wavelengths \lambda\approxgt 1~mm. At shorter wavelengths they become more important (${\Delta T\over T}\sim 10^{-6}$ at $\lambda\sim 0.3$~mm), but in fact most clusters will produce an isolated and detectable feature in sky maps. After removal of these signals, the fluctuations imprinted by the remaining clusters on the residual radiation are still much smaller. The conclusion is that X-ray clusters can be ignored as sources of Cosmic Microwave Background fluctuations.Comment: 20 pages Plain Tex, 7 figures available upon request,UCAST-94-0

X-ray sources as tracers of the large-scale structure in the Universe

We review the current status of studies of large-scale structure in the X-ray Universe. After motivating the use X-rays for cosmological purposes, we discuss the various approaches used on different angular scales including X-ray background multipoles, cross-correlations of the X-ray background with galaxy catalogues, clustering of X-ray selected sources and small-scale fluctuations and anisotropies in the X-ray background. We discuss the implications of the above studies for the bias parameter of X-ray sources, which is likely to be moderate for X-ray selected AGN and the X-ray background (~1-2). We finally outline how all-sky X-ray maps at hard X-rays and medium surveys with large sky coverage could provide important tests for the cosmological models.Comment: Invited review presented at the Workshop X-ray Astronomy'99: Stellar endpoints, AGN and the diffuse X-ray background (Astrophys Lett and Comm

Service-based survey of dystonia in Munich

We performed a service-based epidemiological study of dystonia in Munich, Germany. Due to favourable referral and treatment patterns in the Munich area, we could provide confident data from dystonia patients seeking botulinum toxin treatment. A total of 230 patients were ascertained, of whom 188 had primary dystonia. Point prevalence ratios were estimated to be 10.1 (95% confidence interval 8.4-11.9) per 100,000 for focal and 0.3 (0.0-0.6) for generalised primary dystonia. The most common focal primary dystonias were cervical dystonia with 5.4 (4.2-6.7) and essential blepharospasm with 3.1 (2.1-4.1) per 100,000 followed by laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia) with 1.0 (0.4-1.5) per 100,000. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Base

ON COURT PROCEEDINGS: A FORENSIC LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS ON MAXIM VIOLATION

Employing forensic linguistic analysis, this qualitative study describes violations on conversational maxims in Philippine court proceedings. Twenty transcripts of riminal cases from the Regional Trial Court of Kidapawan City, Philippines were used as corpora in this study. It was found that the four maxims of conversation – quantity, quality, relation, and manner are violated during court trials. Violations of maxim on quantity occur when witnesses provide more than enough information and not enough information to answer questions. Violations of maxim on quality, on the other hand, occur when witnesses provide hearsay or use words/phrases that indicate uncertainty such as I think, maybe, and perhaps. Maxim on relation is violated when witnesses provide irrelevant answers to questions. Violations of the maxim of manner occur when witnesses respond vaguely or have their answers stated in a long drawn-out way. The findings of this study show that violations of cooperative maxim in conversation cause the message conveyed to be misleading and this results in further court discussion and long drawn cross examination. Violating a maxim suggests that the conversation participants are careless and sloppy thus they can be understood as troubled, baffled and confused.Keywords: Court proceedings, forensic linguistics, maxims of conversation, Philippines, transcript of stenographic notesCite as: Ceballos, C.T & Sosas, R.V. (2018). On court proceedings: A forensic linguistic analysis on maxim violation. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(2), 17-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss2pp17-3

H1320+551: A Seyfert 1.8/1.9 galaxy with an unabsorbed X-ray spectrum

We present new optical spectroscopic and XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the Active Galactic Nucleus H1320+551. The optical data (consistent with but of better quality than a previously published spectrum) show this source to be a Seyfert 1.8/1.9 galaxy at z=0.0653. The narrow line region is significantly reddened, with a Balmer decrement Ha/Hb~6 and the broad line region, with a barely detectable Hb broad component, shows a much pronnounced Balmer decrement (Ha/Hb>27). In spite of this, the EPIC-pn X-ray spectrum exhibits a power-law continuum with a soft excess that is well fitted by a black body, with no photoelectric absorption above the Galactic value. A Fe K emission line is also seen at a rest-frame energy ~6.5 keV with an equivalent width of ~400 eV, far too weak for the source being Compton-thick. Reconciling the optical and X-ray data requires the narrow line region being internally reddened but with small covering factor over the nuclear emission and the Balmer decrement of the broad line region being an intrinsic property rather than caused by reddening/absorption. The H1320+551 Seyfert 1.8/1.9 galaxy is not consistent with being an obscured Seyfert 1 nucleus, i.e., it does not match the basic AGN unified scheme hypothesis.Comment: 9 pages, 9 eps figures, to appear in MNRA