Assessing the impact of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs on miscarriage among pregnant women in São Paulo, Brazil

Prevalence of use and misuse of substances may be increasing during pregnancyin Brazil. We describe the patterns of consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs amongpregnant women attending prenatal care service and explore whether there is a negative impactof these substances on the probability of having a miscarriage. Data from 133 women attendingprenatal care in the city of São Paulo, Brazil during 2010 and 2011 were analyzed. Women whoconsumed crack were 3.23 times more likely than pregnant users of alcohol and other drugs to havea miscarriage, even after controlling for marijuana use, age and educatio