Alterations in the glutathione metabolism could be implicated in the ischemia-induced small intestinal cell damage in horses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Colic could be accompanied by changes in the morphology and physiology of organs and tissues, such as the intestine. This process might be, at least in part, due to the accumulation of oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), secondary to intestinal ischemia. Glutathione (GSH), being the major intracellular thiol, provides protection against oxidative injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ischemia-induced intestinal injury could be related with alterations in GSH metabolism.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ischemia induced a significant increase in lipid hydroperoxides, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and a reduction in reduced glutathione, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, as well as in methionine-adenosyl-transferase and methyl-transferase activities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that ischemia induces harmful effects on equine small intestine, probably due to an increase in oxidative damage and proinflammatory molecules. This effect could be mediated, at least in part, by impairment in glutathione metabolism.</p

Microfluidization and characterization of phycocyanin-based emulsions stabilised using a fumed silica

Phycocyanin (PC), a protein pigment obtained from algae, is attracting attention due to the search for new plant-based alternatives to stabilise food products. Furthermore, PC presents surface activity and is able to reduce interfacial tension to create droplets in emulsions. However, PC is sensitive to degradation; one potential solution is to use it in combination with other materials. In this study, using PC in combination with Aerosil 200 to stabilise food-grade nanoemulsions was studied via rheology, laser diffraction and multiple light scattering. First, the microfluidization technique was used to reduce the droplet size of PC-based emulsions to a minimum of 243 nm after six passes. However, the resulting emulsion presented poor physical stability with an extensive creaming process. Incorporating Aerosil 200 reduced the creaming process at low concentrations and completely inhibited it above 5 g/100 g of Aerosil 200. This study shows that a combination of PC and Aerosil 200 was able to stabilise nanoemulsions, with potential applications for food products

Microfluidization and characterization of phycocyanin-based emulsions stabilised using a fumed silica

Phycocyanin (PC), a protein pigment obtained from algae, is attracting attention due to the search for new plant-based alternatives to stabilise food products. Furthermore, PC presents surface activity and is able to reduce interfacial tension to create droplets in emulsions. However, PC is sensitive to degradation; one potential solution is to use it in combination with other materials. In this study, using PC in combination with Aerosil 200 to stabilise food-grade nanoemulsions was studied via rheology, laser diffraction and multiple light scattering. First, the microfluidization technique was used to reduce the droplet size of PC-based emulsions to a minimum of 243 nm after six passes. However, the resulting emulsion presented poor physical stability with an extensive creaming process. Incorporating Aerosil 200 reduced the creaming process at low concentrations and completely inhibited it above 5 g/100 g of Aerosil 200. This study shows that a combination of PC and Aerosil 200 was able to stabilise nanoemulsions, with potential applications for food products

Development of Avocado and Lemon Oil Emulgels Based on Natural Products: Phycocyanin and Pectin

Phycocyanin (PC), a natural product obtained from algae, is attracting attention due to its health benefits, such as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This work studies the use of PC as the main stabilizer in avocado and lemon oil emulgels, a format for drug delivery. The influence of PC concentration on droplet size distribution, rheological properties, and physical stability is studied using a laser diffraction technique, rheological measurements, and multiple light scattering. The 5 wt.% PC emulsions show the lowest droplet size and, consequently, the best stability against creaming and droplet growth. Emulsions formulated with PC as the only stabilizer show a slight pseudoplastic character with an apparent viscosity below 10 mPa·s at 2 Pa. This indicates that these emulsions undergo creaming with aging time. In order to reduce creaming, pectin is incorporated into the 5 wt.% PC emulsion at different concentrations. Interestingly, yield stress and an incipient gel character are observed due to the presence of pectin. This is why the creaming mechanism is reduced. In conclusion, PC forms a layer that protects the interface against coalescence and Ostwald ripening. And, pectin is incorporated to reduce creaming. This research has the potential to make valuable contributions to diverse fields, such as health, medicine, and encapsulation technology

Microfluidization and characterization of phycocyanin-based emulsions stabilised using a fumed silica

Phycocyanin (PC), a protein pigment obtained from algae, is attracting attention due to the search for new plant-based alternatives to stabilise food products. Furthermore, PC presents surface activity and is able to reduce interfacial tension to create droplets in emulsions. However, PC is sensitive to degradation; one potential solution is to use it in combination with other materials. In this study, using PC in combination with Aerosil 200 to stabilise food-grade nanoemulsions was studied via rheology, laser diffraction and multiple light scattering. First, the microfluidization technique was used to reduce the droplet size of PC-based emulsions to a minimum of 243 nm after six passes. However, the resulting emulsion presented poor physical stability with an extensive creaming process. Incorporating Aerosil 200 reduced the creaming process at low concentrations and completely inhibited it above 5 g/100 g of Aerosil 200. This study shows that a combination of PC and Aerosil 200 was able to stabilise nanoemulsions, with potential applications for food products.</p