A new species of Calligrapha (Coleoptera: chrysomelidae) from eastern North America

Calligrapha androwi is newly described from specimens collected in Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Alabama. It is placed in the subgenus BidensomelaMonros. Acalligrapha Monros and Coreopsomela Monros are reduced to subjective junior synonyms of Bidensomela Monros. A key to the striped species of Calligrapha occurring north of Mexico is adapted from Wilcox (1972) to include the new species

Effectiveness of the International Phytosanitary Standard ISPM No. 15 on Reducing Wood Borer Infestation Rates in Wood Packaging Material Entering the United States

Numerous bark- and wood-infesting insects have been introduced to new countries by international trade where some have caused severe environmental and economic damage. Wood packaging material (WPM), such as pallets, is one of the high risk pathways for the introduction of wood pests. International recognition of this risk resulted in adoption of International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM15) in 2002, which provides treatment standards for WPM used in international trade. ISPM15 was originally developed by members of the International Plant Protection Convention to “practically eliminate” the risk of international transport of most bark and wood pests via WPM. The United States (US) implemented ISPM15 in three phases during 2005–2006. We compared pest interception rates of WPM inspected at US ports before and after US implementation of ISPM15 using the US Department of Agriculture AQIM (Agriculture Quarantine Inspection Monitoring) database. Analyses of records from 2003–2009 indicated that WPM infestation rates declined 36–52% following ISPM15 implementation, with results varying in statistical significance depending on the selected starting parameters. Power analyses of the AQIM data indicated there was at least a 95% chance of detecting a statistically significant reduction in infestation rates if they dropped by 90% post-ISPM15, but the probability fell as the impact of ISPM15 lessened. We discuss several factors that could have reduced the apparent impact of ISPM15 on lowering WPM infestation levels, and suggest ways that ISPM15 could be improved. The paucity of international interception data impeded our ability to conduct more thorough analyses of the impact of ISPM15, and demonstrates the need for well-planned sampling programs before and after implementation of major phytosanitary policies so that their effectiveness can be assessed. We also present summary data for bark- and wood-boring insects intercepted on WPM at US ports during 1984–2008

A new species of \u3ci\u3eCalligrapha\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from eastern North America

Calligrapha androwi is newly described from specimens collected in Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Alabama. It is placed in the subgenus BidensomelaMonros. Acalligrapha Monros and Coreopsomela Monros are reduced to subjective junior synonyms of Bidensomela Monros. A key to the striped species of Calligrapha occurring north of Mexico is adapted from Wilcox (1972) to include the new species

Appendix E. Effects of changes in arrival rate on predicted establishments.

Effects of changes in arrival rate on predicted establishments

Appendix B. Interception frequency and establishments of longhorned beetles and true bark beetles.

Interception frequency and establishments of longhorned beetles and true bark beetles

Appendix D. Summary table of the number and percentage of established beetle species by interception frequency.

Summary table of the number and percentage of established beetle species by interception frequency

Appendix C. Detailed description of the SIMEX method used to improve estimation of the Weibull c parameter, and estimation of effects of rare species.

Detailed description of the SIMEX method used to improve estimation of the Weibull c parameter, and estimation of effects of rare species

Summary data for the 13,768 interceptions of bark- and wood-infesting insects in WPM at US ports during 1984–2008 by country of origin and insect family or subfamily (Source = USDA APHIS PestID database).

a<p>The values for the weevil family Curculionidae do not include the two subfamilies Platypodinae and Scolytinae, which are listed separately.</p>b<p>Country codes: BE Belgium, CA Canada, CN China, DE Germany, ES Spain, FR France, GR Greece, IN India, IT Italy, MX Mexico, PT Portugal, RU Russia, and TR Turkey.</p>c<p>The category “Other” did not include 432 records for which no country of origin was listed.</p

Probability of detecting a statistically significant reduction in infestation rates if actual rates of infestation were reduced by the designated percentages after ISPM15 implementation based on post-hoc power analyses that used the observed pre-ISPM15 infestation rate and actual pre- and post-ISPM15 sample sizes from the Phase-1 scenarios presented in Table 2.

<p>Probability of detecting a statistically significant reduction in infestation rates if actual rates of infestation were reduced by the designated percentages after ISPM15 implementation based on post-hoc power analyses that used the observed pre-ISPM15 infestation rate and actual pre- and post-ISPM15 sample sizes from the Phase-1 scenarios presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096611#pone-0096611-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p