Effects of mergers and acquisitions on the economy: an industrial organization perspective

Consolidation and merger of corporations ; Industries

Spillovers from Multinationals in Developing Countries: the Mechanisms at Work

Most research suggests that spillovers commonly benefit the productivity of LDCs' local firms from market contacts with foreign subsidiaries, but little attention has gone to where those spillovers might be large, where nonexistent. In Particular, LDC local firms can be constrained away from frontier effectiveness in at least four ways. Each constraint has different implications for the nature and extent of spillovers from foreign subsidiaries. The analysis also yields predictions how spillovers will vary with differences in the situations of subsidiaries and local competitors, and with elements of the structures of industries in which they operate. Limited empirical evidence supports the predictions and the general approach to refining our expectations about the prevalence and nature of spillovers.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39633/3/wp247.pd

The effects of entry on incumbent innovation and productivity

How does firm entry affect innovation incentives in incumbent firms? Microdata suggest that there is heterogeneity across industries. Specifically, incumbent productivity growth and patenting is positively correlated with lagged greenfield foreign firm entry in technologically advanced industries, but not in laggard industries. In this paper we provide evidence that these correlations arise from a causal effect predicted by Schumpeterian growth theory—the threat of technologically advanced entry spurs innovation incentives in sectors close to the technology frontier, where successful innovation allows incumbents to survive the threat, but discourages innovation in laggard sectors, where the threat reduces incumbents' expected rents from innovating. We find that the empirical patterns hold using rich micro panel data for the United Kingdom. We control for the endogeneity of entry by exploiting major European and U.K. policy reforms, and allow for endogeneity of additional factors. We complement the analysis for foreign entry with evidence for domestic entry and entry through imports

Spillovers from Multinationals in Developing Countries: the Mechanisms at Work

Most research suggests that spillovers commonly benefit the productivity of LDCs' local firms from market contacts with foreign subsidiaries, but little attention has gone to where those spillovers might be large, where nonexistent. In Particular, LDC local firms can be constrained away from frontier effectiveness in at least four ways. Each constraint has different implications for the nature and extent of spillovers from foreign subsidiaries. The analysis also yields predictions how spillovers will vary with differences in the situations of subsidiaries and local competitors, and with elements of the structures of industries in which they operate. Limited empirical evidence supports the predictions and the general approach to refining our expectations about the prevalence and nature of spillovers.multinational enterprise, spillovers, managerial capability, community based standards

Psychic distance : antecedents, retail strategy implications and performance outcomes

The authors propose a conceptual model of the psychic distance&ndash;organizational performance relationship that incorporates organizational factors (international experience and centralization of decision making), entry strategy, and retail strategy implications. The findings suggest that when entering psychically distant markets, retailers should adopt low-cost/low-control entry strategies and adapt their retail strategy to a greater extent than in psychically close markets. However, the authors find that such strategic responses have an adverse effect on performance. They find that international experience, psychic distance, entry strategy, and retail strategy adaptation are significant drivers of organizational performance and factors that determine critical success in international retailing.<br /

How Software Practitioners Use Informal Local Meetups to Share Software Engineering Knowledge

Informal technology "meetups" have become an important aspect of the software development community, engaging many thousands of practitioners on a regular basis. However, although local technology meetups are well-attended by developers, little is known about their motivations for participating, the type or usefulness of information that they acquire, and how local meetups might differ from and complement other available communication channels for software engineering information. We interviewed the leaders of technology-oriented Meetup groups, and collected quantitative information via a survey distributed to participants in technology-oriented groups. Our findings suggest that participants in these groups are primarily experienced software practitioners, who use Meetup for staying abreast of new developments, building local networks and achieving transfer of rich tacit knowledge with peers to improve their practice. We also suggest that face to face meetings are useful forums for exchanging tacit knowledge and contextual information needed for software engineering practice