Injuries and eventual mortality in traffic involving obese drivers and passengers: a systematic review

A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública crescente em todo o mundo e acomete indivíduos de todos os níveis sociais e econômicos. Caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal e é medida mais frequentemente pelo Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), cujo cálculo é feito dividindo-se o peso do indivíduo pela sua altura ao quadrado (Kg/ m²). Pesquisas têm demonstrado cada vez mais a obesidade como fator de risco para diabetes, dislipidemias, hipertensão arterial, doenças cardiovasculares, osteoartropatias, câncer, apneia do sono e outras doenças. Entretanto, os problemas decorrentes da obesidade vão além dessas patologias. O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em realizar uma revisão sistêmica sobre a literatura existente que trata da ocorrência de lesões e de mortalidade envolvendo condutores e passageiros obesos em acidentes de trânsito apresentada à comunidade científica. Foi observado que há aumento do risco de morte para condutores obesos, assim como para condutores com baixo IMC. Além disso, condutores obesos de motocicletas têm mais chances de ter lesões graves e ficar mais tempo internado do que condutores não obesos. Conclui-se, portanto, que pessoas situadas nos dois extremos do IMC tendem a ser as que mais sofrem com danos causados por acidentes de trânsito. Obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide and affects individuals at all social and economic levels. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat and it is most frequently measured by Body Mass Index (BMI), which is obtained by the quotient of the weight and the squared height (kg/m²) of an individual. Research has increasingly demonstrated obesity as a risk factor for diabetes, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, and other diseases. However, problems arising from obesity go beyond these pathologies. The objective of this research is a systemic review of the literature dealing with the occurrence of injuries and mortality involving obese drivers and passengers in traffic accidents presented to the scientific community. The results show there is an increased risk of death for obese drivers, as well as for drivers with low BMI. In addition, obese motorcycle drivers are more likely to have serious injuries and stay longer hospitalized than non-obese drivers. It is concluded, therefore, that people in the two extremes of BMI tend to suffer most from damages caused by traffic accidents

Dipterofauna Associated with Sus scrofa

Cadaverous entomofauna successions vary according to the region, environment, and climate, and such differences may occur within the same country due to seasonal variations. The present study aimed to analyze and compare the dipterofauna that visit or colonize carcasses in the urban and coastal areas of São Paulo, Brazil, during summer and winter seasons. Four swine (Sus scrofa Linné, 1758) carcasses of approximately 12 kg were used. The animals were previously euthanized and then placed in metal cages covered with a flight intercept trap (Shannon, modified). In total, 10,495 flies from 39 families were collected, with 15 species belonging to the Calliphoridae family, 14 species belonging to the Fanniidae family, 43 species belonging to the Muscidae family, and 22 species belonging to the Sarcophagidae family. Flies from these four families visited all carcasses; however, they did not show the highest visitation frequencies in all of the trials. Species variations occurred between the experiments that were performed at different locations and in different seasons. Furthermore, difference in the number of insects attracted to each stage of decomposition was observed. In addition to the four families highlighted above, the families Phoridae, Sepsidae, Otitidae, and Piophilidae were observed in all carcasses

Óbitos de idosos no trânsito da Cidade de São Paulo, 2011 a 2015.

A população brasileira está vivendo mais e, consequentemente, a ocorrência de acidentes envolvendo idosos aumenta. Este trabalho visa conhecer o perfil dos idosos mortos no trânsito da maior metrópole brasileira – São Paulo. De 2011 a 2015, 1.119 maiores de 60 anos morreram no trânsito paulistano. Dessas pessoas, 59,2% eram homens; 59,5% eram aposentados; 73,7% tinham baixa escolaridade e 86,6% estavam como pedestres na ocasião do acidente. A maioria (64,5%) se acidentou durante o dia. Na cidade de São Paulo os idosos pedestres têm o dobro de chance de morrer no trânsito quando comparados ao Brasil como um todo.The Brazilian population is living longer and, consequently, the occurrence of traffic accidents involving elderly people is increasing. This study aims to assess the profile of the elderly people that died due to traffic accidents in São Paulo, the largest Brazilian metropolis. From 2011 to 2015, 1,119 people aged over 60 died in traffic accidents in São Paulo. Among them, 59.2% were men; 59.5% were retired; 73.7% had low schooling; 86.6% were pedestrians. The majority of the accidents (64.5%) occurred during the day. In the city of São Paulo, elderly pedestrians have twice the chance of dying in traffic accidents, when compared to Brazil as a whole

Estimated time of death through the cadaveric entomofauna in decomposing cadavers: a case report

This study reports a case of a sixty-nine years old lady who was found dead in her house, in state ofputrefaction. The study of cadaveric phenomena was imprecise and determined the post mortem time as two weeks and some days. The entomofauna analysis resulted to be a more accurate cronotanatognosis method, showing that the death had occurred exactly eight days before the body was found.Relato do caso de uma senhora de sessenta e nove anos encontrada morta em sua residência, já em estado de putrefação, no qual a análise dos fenômenos cadavéricos foi imprecisa para determinar a cronotanatognose (de dois dias a algumas semanas). Foi, então, realizado o estudo da entomofauna cadavérica para determinar o PMI (post morten interval) e concluiu-se que a morte havia ocorrido oito dias antes

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others