Un cas de longévité exceptionnelle chez le chiroptère Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Two more longevity records of wild male Rhinolophus ferruméquinum are reported : 25.5 and 29.5 year

Un record mondial de longévité in natura pour un Chiroptère insectivore ?

A Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) captured in 1982, 29 years after initial banding (Caubère et al., 1982) was again observed in January 1983, but not seen again thereafter. Although this clearly senile individual probably died shortly afterwards it had lived for at least 30 years. Out of a grand total of about 25,000 Greater Horseshoe Bats banded in France, only 21 individuals have so far been recorded to live for more than 15 years, and the 6 which have lived for more than 23 years were all males. This apparent difference in maximum lifespan between the sexes suggests that the suspected higher cost of reproduction in females may in this species result in a more rapid ageing of the female.Caubère Bertrand, Gaucher P., Julien J.F. Un record mondial de longévité in natura pour un Chiroptère insectivore ?. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 39, n°3, 1984. pp. 351-353

Mise en évidence de Trypanosomes de reptiles chez

0,3 % des Chrysops silacea et 4,4 % des Chrysops dimidiata capturés dans le massif du Chaillu (Congo) contenaient dans l’intestin moyen et postérieur des formes épimastigotes de parasites de reptiles, Trypanosoma grayi ou organismes T. grayi-like

A world record of longevity in the nature for an insectivorous chiroptera?

On a déterminé à 30 ans, 6 mois l'âge d'un grand rhinolophe d'une carrière de la Sarthe; ceci semble constituer un record de longévité connu chez les chiroptères à l'état sauvage et même chez les micromammifères en généra

Avant-garde metalating agents: Structural basis of alkali-metal-mediated metalation

Metalation, one of the most useful and widely used synthetic methodologies, transforms a relatively inert carbon-hydrogen bond to a more labile carbon-metal bond. Until recently, most organometallic reagents that facilitate this process have combined strongly electropositive metals, such as lithium, with organic reagents to form highly polar and, by implication, highly reactive carbon-metal bonds. For example, the alkyllithium reagents and bulky lithium amides that are commonly employed for this purpose can suffer from low functional group tolerance. Lithio-products of these reactions generally have low kinetic stabilities. More recently, several groups around the world have pioneered alternative metalation reagents, complex metalators, which can be interpreted as composite molecules or mixtures made up of two or more distinct compound types. Several examples include magnesiate complexes, Lochmann-Schlosser superbases, Kondo and Uchiyama's 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (TMP)-zincate complexes, and Knochel's turbo-Grignard and related salt-supported reagents. This Account describes our rational development of novel complex metalators based on existing structural templates and designed to execute alkali-metal-mediated metalations (AMMMs). By changing the nonalkali metal in these structures, we have produced tailor-made dianionic-dicationic structures such as [(TMEDA) center dot Na(mu-TMP)(mu-Bu-n)Mg(TMP)], [(TMEDA) center dot Na(mu-TMP)(mu-Bu-t)Zn(Bu-t)], and [(TMEDA) center dot Li(mu-TMP)Mn(CH2SiMe3)(2)] (TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine). These compounds can perform unprecedented magnesiations, zincations, or manganations on aromatic substrates that are generally inert toward conventional Mg, Zn, or Mn(II) reagents. Although the alkali metal is an essential component of these new complex metalators, interestingly, the less electropositive, less polar nonalkali metal [Mg, Zn, or Mn(II)] actually carries out the deprotonation. We view this unique behavior as a mixed-metal synergic effect: intramolecular communication through metal - ligand-metal bridges directs special regioselectivities or polydeprotonations. We demonstrate structurally defined alkali-metal-mediated magnesiations (AMMMg), zincations (AMMZn), and manganations [AMMMn(II)] of representative aromatic substrates (including benzene, toluene, anisole, and ferrocene). In addition, we present remarkable meta-orientated metalations of toluene and N,N-dimethylaniline. We also review 2-fold metalations of arenes, in which an arenediide guest is encapsulated within a 12-atom polymetallic cationic (NaNNaNMgN)(2) host ring to form inverse crown structures. Furthermore, using X-ray crystallography of a turbo-Grignard reagent, we establish a link between our complex metalators and turbo-Grignard reagents. Armed with this accruing knowledge of complex metalators, we think rapid progress in "low polarity metalation" should now be possible. The greatest remaining challenge is to develop methodologies that shift these processes from stoichiometric reactions into more economical catalytic ones

Tourniquets as a haemorrhage control measure in military and civilian care settings: An integrative review

Abstract Aims and objectives: The aim of review was to describe and synthesise the evidence on the use of tourniquets to control haemorrhages, summarising both civilian and military use. Background: Trauma-related haemorrhage constitutes one of the most preventable deaths among injured patients, particularly in multi-casualty incidents and disasters. In this context, safe instruments such as tourniquets are essential to help healthcare professionals to minimise loss of life and maximise patient recovery. Design and methods: An integrative review was conducted in Medline, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, and Health & Medical Collection, using published data until March 2021 and following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 25 articles were included. Evidence has been synthesised to understand the use of different types of tourniquets, environment of application, indication for their placement and potential complications associated with tourniquet placement. Conclusions: Commercial tourniquets such as Combat Application Tourniquet or Emergency Tourniquet models are a valuable and safe instrument for haemorrhage control in both military and civilian out-of-hospital care settings. Nurses, as part of emergency teams, and other professionals should be aware that there is a possibility of adverse complications, but they are directly proportional to the time of tourniquet placement and generally temporary. In addition, national and international guidelines ensure the need for all civilian emergency services to be equipped with these devices, as well as for the training of healthcare professionals and first responders in their use. Relevance to clinical practice: Despite the lack of complications in the use of tourniquets in these cases, their use has been a matter of debate for decades. In this sense, this review yields up-to-date guidelines in the use of tourniquets, their recommendations and their significance among professionals to manage complicated situations