Исследование параметров плазмы реактивного магнетронного разряда с помощью зонда Ленгмюра

One of the most prospective methods of making the biocompatible coatings is reactive magnetron sputtering. It allows obtaining coatings with well controllable chemical composition. In order to control magnetron plasma parametersa Langmuir probe is widely used. A method for probe data processing has been developed. It includes raw data averaging and least-square methods for determining of plasma parameters such as electron temperature and ion density. The averaging is used in order to reduce an impact of data oscillations caused by proximity of probe and discharge frequencies. Using the method, plasma discharge parameters dependence on reactive gas mixture type has been investigated

Особенности учета денежных средств в 2014 году

Кассовые операции занимают одно из центральных мест в деятельности предприятия. При их ведении все организации должны руководствоваться Порядком ведения кассовых операций. С 1 июня 2014 года начал действовать Новый порядок ведения кассовых операций. В статье рассмотрены произошедшие изменения в этом порядке и дана их оценка

Развитие альтернативной энергетики Германии

В данной статье рассмотрены последние тенденции развития альтернативной энергетики Германии. Приведены некоторые причины выбора политики, направленной на столь стремительную интеграцию технологий, использующих возобновляемые источники энергии. Проведено сравнение Германии с другими странами Евросоюза по динамике использования возобновляемой энергии

Модульная сумка для авиаперевозок

Путешествие является неотъемлемой частью жизни каждого современного человека. Летают больше и чаще: интенсивность воздушного движения в 2019 году достигла рекордной отметки в 1,83 млн полетов. С января 2019 года нормы багажа и ручной клади изменены. В связи с этим проектирование корпуса багажа стало актуально, поскольку на рынке отсутствует универсальный багаж, подходящий под новые нормы. В работе предложено решение проблемы отсутствия универсального багажа при помощи метода дизайн-проектирования, которое позволит: объединить в своем решении все нормы ручной клади и багажа авиакомпаний, осуществляющих рейсы на территории РФ; изменять конструкцию с учетом цели потребителей и сроков их поездки.Travel is an integral part of every modern person's life. They are flying more and more often: the intensity of air traffic in 2019 reached a record level-1.83 million flights. Starting in January 2019, fares for baggage and hand luggage were changed. In this regard, the design of the luggage compartment has become relevant, since there is no universal luggage suitable for the new standards on the market. The proposed solution to the lack of universal luggage by using design method-design, which will allow to unite in its decision all of the baggage and luggage of airlines flying on the territory of the Russian Federation; to change the design taking into account the objectives of consumers and the duration of their trip

Visual Outcomes Following Plasma Exchange for Optic Neuritis: An International Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of 395 Optic Neuritis Attacks.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of plasma exchange (PLEX) for optic neuritis (ON). METHODS: We conducted an international multicenter retrospective study evaluating the outcomes of ON following PLEX. Outcomes were compared to raw data from the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) using a matched subset. RESULTS: A total of 395 ON attack treated with PLEX from 317 patients were evaluated. The median age was 37 years (range 9-75), and 71% were female. Causes of ON included multiple sclerosis (108), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) (92), aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD) (75), seronegative-NMOSD (34), idiopathic (83), and other (3). Median time from onset of vision loss to PLEX was 2.6 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 1.4-4.0). Median visual acuity (VA) at the time of PLEX was count fingers (IQR, 20/200-hand motion), and median final VA was 20/25 (IQR, 20/20-20/60) with no differences among etiologies except MOGAD-ON, which had better outcomes. In 81 (20.5%) ON attacks, the final VA was 20/200 or worse. Patients with poor outcomes were older (P = .002), had worse VA at the time of PLEX (P < .001), and longer delay to PLEX (P < .001). In comparison with the ONTT subset with severe corticosteroid-unresponsive ON, a final VA of worse than 20/40 occurred in 6 of 50 (12%) PLEX-treated ON vs 7 of 19 (37%) from the ONTT treated with intravenous methylprednisolone without PLEX (P = .04). CONCLUSION: Most ON attacks improved with PLEX, and outcomes were better than attacks with similar severity in the ONTT. The presence of severe vision loss at nadir, older age, and longer delay to PLEX predicted a worse outcome whereas MOGAD-ON had a more favorable prognosis. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society

Non-AIDS defining cancers in the D:A:D Study - time trends and predictors of survival : A cohort study

Background: Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Using data from a large international cohort of HIV-positive individuals, we described the incidence of NADC from 2004-2010, and described subsequent mortality and predictors of these.Methods: Individuals were followed from 1st January 2004/enrolment in study, until the earliest of a new NADC, 1st February 2010, death or six months after the patient's last visit. Incidence rates were estimated for each year of follow-up, overall and stratified by gender, age and mode of HIV acquisition. Cumulative risk of mortality following NADC diagnosis was summarised using Kaplan-Meier methods, with follow-up for these analyses from the date of NADC diagnosis until the patient's death, 1st February 2010 or 6 months after the patient's last visit. Factors associated with mortality following NADC diagnosis were identified using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.Results: Over 176,775 person-years (PY), 880 (2.1%) patients developed a new NADC (incidence: 4.98/1000PY [95% confidence interval 4.65, 5.31]). Over a third of these patients (327, 37.2%) had died by 1st February 2010. Time trends for lung cancer, anal cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma were broadly consistent. Kaplan-Meier cumulative mortality estimates at 1, 3 and 5 years after NADC diagnosis were 28.2% [95% CI 25.1-31.2], 42.0% [38.2-45.8] and 47.3% [42.4-52.2], respectively. Significant predictors of poorer survival after diagnosis of NADC were lung cancer (compared to other cancer types), male gender, non-white ethnicity, and smoking status. Later year of diagnosis and higher CD4 count at NADC diagnosis were associated with improved survival. The incidence of NADC remained stable over the period 2004-2010 in this large observational cohort.Conclusions: The prognosis after diagnosis of NADC, in particular lung cancer and disseminated cancer, is poor but has improved somewhat over time. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and low CD4 counts, were associated with mortality following a diagnosis of NADC. © 2013 Worm et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape province, South Africa

Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public-sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, location, and comorbidities, to examine the associations between HIV, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 death from 1 March to 9 June 2020 among (1) public-sector “active patients” (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020); (2) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases; and (3) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19, comparing adults living with and without HIV using modeled population estimates.Among 3 460 932 patients (16% living with HIV), 22 308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. COVID19 death was associated with male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. HIV was associated with COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70–2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral loads and immunosuppression. Current and previous diagnoses of tuberculosis were associated with COVID-19 death (aHR, 2.70 [95% CI, 1.81–4.04] and 1.51 [95% CI, 1.18–1.93], respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.96–2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95% CI, 6.1–11.1)

Introducing a feedback training system for guided home rehabilitation

As the number of people requiring orthopaedic intervention is growing, individualized physiotherapeutic rehabilitation and adequate postoperative care becomes increasingly relevant. The chances of improvement in the patients condition is directly related to the performance and consistency of the physiotherapeutic exercises. In this paper a smart, cost-effective and easy to use Feedback Training System for home rehabilitation based on standard resistive elements is introduced. This ensures high accuracy of the exercises performed and offers guidance and control to the patient by offering direct feedback about the performance of the movements. 46 patients were recruited and performed standard physiotherapeutic training to evaluate the system. The results show a significant increase in the patient's ability to reproduce even simple physiotherapeutic exercises when being supported by the Feedback Training System. Thus physiotherapeutic training can be extended into the home environment whilst ensuring a high quality of training

Le non-recours aux soins des actifs précaires

Ce document de travail traite du non-recours aux soins des actifs précaires. Les résultats statistiques sont issus d’une analyse des données du Cetaf (Centre technique d’appui et de formation des centres d’examens de santé financés par l’Assurance maladie). Ils portent sur une population de 1 137 991 personnes. Six populations d’actifs précaires ont été considérées : les chômeurs de plus d’un an ; les jeunes en insertion socioprofessionnelle ; lesbénéficiaires de la Couverture maladie universelle complémentaire (CMU-C) ; les travailleurs avec un emploi à temps partiel ou non stable (CDD, contrat aidé, etc.) ; les travailleurs avec un emploi stable à temps plein, mais avec des difficultés financières chroniques ; les chômeurs de plus d’un an, caractérisés par une fragilité sociale.Une population de référence a été prise en compte : les actifs non précaires (c’est-à-dire ici tous les consultants n’entrant pas dans l’une des six populations d’actifs définis comme précaires)

La compensation du handicap psychique face au risque de non-recours

Ce rapport traite du non-recours à la Prestation de compensation du handicap (PCH) pour les personnes majeures vivant avec des troubles psychiques. Il a été commandé par la Caisse Nationale de Solidarité et l’Autonomie (CNSA)