Исследование параметров плазмы реактивного магнетронного разряда с помощью зонда Ленгмюра

One of the most prospective methods of making the biocompatible coatings is reactive magnetron sputtering. It allows obtaining coatings with well controllable chemical composition. In order to control magnetron plasma parametersa Langmuir probe is widely used. A method for probe data processing has been developed. It includes raw data averaging and least-square methods for determining of plasma parameters such as electron temperature and ion density. The averaging is used in order to reduce an impact of data oscillations caused by proximity of probe and discharge frequencies. Using the method, plasma discharge parameters dependence on reactive gas mixture type has been investigated

Особенности учета денежных средств в 2014 году

Кассовые операции занимают одно из центральных мест в деятельности предприятия. При их ведении все организации должны руководствоваться Порядком ведения кассовых операций. С 1 июня 2014 года начал действовать Новый порядок ведения кассовых операций. В статье рассмотрены произошедшие изменения в этом порядке и дана их оценка

Развитие альтернативной энергетики Германии

В данной статье рассмотрены последние тенденции развития альтернативной энергетики Германии. Приведены некоторые причины выбора политики, направленной на столь стремительную интеграцию технологий, использующих возобновляемые источники энергии. Проведено сравнение Германии с другими странами Евросоюза по динамике использования возобновляемой энергии

Модульная сумка для авиаперевозок

Путешествие является неотъемлемой частью жизни каждого современного человека. Летают больше и чаще: интенсивность воздушного движения в 2019 году достигла рекордной отметки в 1,83 млн полетов. С января 2019 года нормы багажа и ручной клади изменены. В связи с этим проектирование корпуса багажа стало актуально, поскольку на рынке отсутствует универсальный багаж, подходящий под новые нормы. В работе предложено решение проблемы отсутствия универсального багажа при помощи метода дизайн-проектирования, которое позволит: объединить в своем решении все нормы ручной клади и багажа авиакомпаний, осуществляющих рейсы на территории РФ; изменять конструкцию с учетом цели потребителей и сроков их поездки.Travel is an integral part of every modern person's life. They are flying more and more often: the intensity of air traffic in 2019 reached a record level-1.83 million flights. Starting in January 2019, fares for baggage and hand luggage were changed. In this regard, the design of the luggage compartment has become relevant, since there is no universal luggage suitable for the new standards on the market. The proposed solution to the lack of universal luggage by using design method-design, which will allow to unite in its decision all of the baggage and luggage of airlines flying on the territory of the Russian Federation; to change the design taking into account the objectives of consumers and the duration of their trip

Visual Outcomes Following Plasma Exchange for Optic Neuritis: An International Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of 395 Optic Neuritis Attacks.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of plasma exchange (PLEX) for optic neuritis (ON). METHODS: We conducted an international multicenter retrospective study evaluating the outcomes of ON following PLEX. Outcomes were compared to raw data from the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) using a matched subset. RESULTS: A total of 395 ON attack treated with PLEX from 317 patients were evaluated. The median age was 37 years (range 9-75), and 71% were female. Causes of ON included multiple sclerosis (108), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) (92), aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD) (75), seronegative-NMOSD (34), idiopathic (83), and other (3). Median time from onset of vision loss to PLEX was 2.6 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 1.4-4.0). Median visual acuity (VA) at the time of PLEX was count fingers (IQR, 20/200-hand motion), and median final VA was 20/25 (IQR, 20/20-20/60) with no differences among etiologies except MOGAD-ON, which had better outcomes. In 81 (20.5%) ON attacks, the final VA was 20/200 or worse. Patients with poor outcomes were older (P = .002), had worse VA at the time of PLEX (P < .001), and longer delay to PLEX (P < .001). In comparison with the ONTT subset with severe corticosteroid-unresponsive ON, a final VA of worse than 20/40 occurred in 6 of 50 (12%) PLEX-treated ON vs 7 of 19 (37%) from the ONTT treated with intravenous methylprednisolone without PLEX (P = .04). CONCLUSION: Most ON attacks improved with PLEX, and outcomes were better than attacks with similar severity in the ONTT. The presence of severe vision loss at nadir, older age, and longer delay to PLEX predicted a worse outcome whereas MOGAD-ON had a more favorable prognosis. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society

Risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape province, South Africa

Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public-sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, location, and comorbidities, to examine the associations between HIV, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 death from 1 March to 9 June 2020 among (1) public-sector “active patients” (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020); (2) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases; and (3) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19, comparing adults living with and without HIV using modeled population estimates.Among 3 460 932 patients (16% living with HIV), 22 308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. COVID19 death was associated with male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. HIV was associated with COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70–2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral loads and immunosuppression. Current and previous diagnoses of tuberculosis were associated with COVID-19 death (aHR, 2.70 [95% CI, 1.81–4.04] and 1.51 [95% CI, 1.18–1.93], respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.96–2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95% CI, 6.1–11.1)

Le non-recours par non-orientation. Un cas concernant le handicap psychique

Cette collection des Working paper de l'ODENORE a pour but de rendre disponible un ensemble de documents de travail issus de recherches menées à l’ODENOREThis Working Paper presents a new form of non-take-up: "non-orientation". This is the result of research carried out in two Maisons départementales des personnes handicapées (MDPH) between October 2016 and October 2017, looking at difficulties in accessing the Prestation de compensation du handicap (PCH) for adults living with psychological disorders. The search for explanations leads us to speak of non-take-up through non-orientation to designate the situation of potential recipients who, whether or not they are aware of the PCH, are not approached or accompanied to request the opening or renewal of a right, if not to verify the possibility.Ce Working Paper présente une nouvelle forme de non-recours : la « non orientation ». Celle-ci est issue d’une recherche menée dans deux Maisons départementales des personnes handicapées (MDPH) entre octobre 2016 et octobre 2017, et portant sur les difficultés d’accès à la Prestation de compensation du handicap (PCH) pour les personnes majeures vivant avec des troubles psychiques. La recherche d’explications conduit à parler de non-recours par non orientation pour désigner la situation de destinataires potentiels qui, connaissant ou pas la PCH, ne sont pas sollicités ou accompagnés pour demander l’ouverture ou le renouvellement d’un droit, sinon pour en vérifier la possibilité

Influencia de diversos factores sobre el régimen alimenticio de ganado ovino

Se ha utilizado el método de observación microscópica de los restos de epidermis de plantas contenidos en las heces de los animales, para la estimación de las diferencias Áe ingestión cualitativa realizadas por ganado ovino, en junción de la edad de los animales, época del pastoreo y localización del pastizal. El régimen alimenticio se estimó a través de la relación entre el contenido en las heces de epidermis de mono cotiledóneas y dicotiledóneas. Para, ovejas adultas fue estadísticamente significativo el efecto de la época de pastoreo y altamente significativo el de la parcela y la interacción entre ambos. Dentro de una misma parcela el efecto de la época de pastoreo y la interacción con la edad fueron altamente significativos, siendo variable el efecto de la eda

New ultrarare restriction site-carrying transposons for bacterial genomics.

Electrophoretic separation of macrorestriction fragments containing a particular genomic interval has until recently depended on fortuitously placed native rare restriction sites. We present new IS10-based transposons carrying the yeast intron-encoded I-SceI restriction site which is absent from most prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Construction of the plasmid vectors containing them is described. Analysis by conventional or Pulsed Field gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments generated by the I-SceI digestion reveals the physical distance between genomic insertions of these transposons: use of the same approach to subdivide the chromosome of Escherichia coli K-12 into equivalently sized contiguous/nonoverlapping I-SceI fragments is demonstrated. Because coordinates for the loci delimited by their insertions can be readily determined in different isolates by either physical or genetic manipulations, these transposons allow sufficient flexibility for species-wide bacterial genomics