A survey of dystocia in the Boxer breed

BACKGROUND: Dystocia occurs more commonly in some breeds of dogs than others. The Boxer breed is one of the highrisk breeds for whelping problems. The aim of this study was to document some reproductive parameters and the frequency of dystocia in Boxers. METHODS: Two questionnaires were sent to the breeders of Boxers in Sweden during 1994 to 1997. Data from 253 whelpings and 1671 pups was received, which constitutes 56.5% of all Boxer litters registered with the Swedish Kennel Club during these years. Data was analysed using Chi-square test, and Fischer's exact test. RESULTS: Dystocia occurred in 32% of the individual bitches, and in 27.7% of all the whelpings. Caesarian section was performed in 22.8% of all the whelpings and in 80.1% of the cases of dystocia. Medical treatment was tried in 20 cases but was successful only in 5 (25%). The dystocia was of maternal origin in 68.6% and of fetal origin in 28.6% of cases. The most common reasons for dystocia were primary uterine inertia (60%) and malpresentation of the fetus (26%). Dystocia increased with increasing age of the bitch from four years of age. Average litter size was 6.6 (± 2.2) pups born, and 5.0 (± 2.1) pups registered. Pup mortality was 24%. Stillbirths accounted for 6.1% of the pup deaths and 1% died in the neonatal period, while 15.6% of the pups were euthanised, the majority because they had disqualifying white coat colour. Cryptorchidism was observed in 9.8% of the male pups born and in 13.4% of the male pups that were registered. CONCLUSION: The Boxer suffers a high frequency of dystocia, mainly due to uterine inertia, but also fetal malpresentation. Breeders should be adviced to include easy whelpings in their breeding program

An investigation on the presence of Chlamydiaceae in Swedish dogs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bacteria belonging to the family <it>Chlamydiaceae </it>cause a broad spectrum of diseases in a wide range of hosts, including man, other mammals, and birds. Upper respiratory and genital diseases are common clinical problems caused by <it>Chlamydiaceae</it>. Very little is known about chlamydial infections in dogs. Few clinical reports on natural disease in dogs describe mainly conjunctival and upper respiratory signs, and the role of <it>Chlamydiaceae </it>in genital disease is unclear. The present study aimed at studying the prevalence of <it>Chlamydiaceae </it>in healthy dogs and in dogs with genital or upper respiratory disease, including conjunctivitis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for <it>Chlamydiaceae </it>was used to detect any chlamydial species within this family. Swab samples from the conjunctiva and the mucosal membranes of the oropharynx, rectum and genital tract were taken from 79 dogs: 27 clinically healthy dogs, 25 dogs with clinical signs from the genital tract and 28 dogs with conjunctivitis. There were 52 female and 27 male dogs. From 7 of the male dogs, additional semen samples were analysed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No <it>Chlamydiaceae </it>were detected from any dog.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although the number of dogs that was included is limited, the results suggest that cases of <it>Chlamydiaceae </it>in dogs probably are related to infection from other species, and that dogs in general do not harbour <it>Chlamydiaceae</it>. Bacteria belonging to the family <it>Chlamydiaceae </it>do not seem to be of major importance for genital or ocular disease in Swedish dogs.</p

Strong artificial selection in domestic mammals did not result in an increased recombination rate

Recombination rates vary in intensity and location at the species, individual, sex and chromosome levels. Despite the fundamental biological importance of this process, the selective forces that operate to shape recombination rate and patterns are unclear. Domestication offers a unique opportunity to study the interplay between recombination and selection, particularly due to Hill-Robertson interference, which should be important when many linked loci are repeatedly the target of selection. In domesticates, intense selection for particular traits is imposed on small populations over many generations, resulting in organisms that differ, sometimes dramatically, in morphology and physiology from their wild ancestor. Although earlier studies suggested increased recombination rate in domesticates, a formal comparison of recombination rates between domestic mammals and their wild congeners was missing. In order to determine broad-scale recombination rate, we used immunolabeling detection of MLH1 foci as crossover markers in spermatocytes in three pairs of closely related wild and domestic species (dog and wolf, goat and ibex, sheep and mouflon). In the three pairs, and contrary to previous suggestions, our data show that contemporary recombination rate is higher in the wild species. Subsequently, we inferred recombination breakpoints in sequence data for 16 genomic regions in dogs and wolves, each containing a locus associated with a dog phenotype potentially under selection during domestication. No difference in the number and distribution of recombination breakpoints was found between dogs and wolves. We conclude that our data indicate that strong directional selection did not result in changes in recombination in domestic mammals, and that both upper and lower bounds for crossover rates may be tightly regulatedPeer reviewe

Misstänkt fall av infektion med Brucella canis hos en hanhund i Sverige

Hösten 2020 uppstod återigen en stark misstanke om infektion med Brucella canis i Sverige. De fall som tidigare har uppmärksammats i landet har främst handlat om tikar med sena aborter, men denna gång var fallet där misstanken först uppstod en hanhund. Denna artikel ger en översikt över B. canis, och uppmärksammar riskerna med B. canis för både tikar och hanhundar, för smitta i samband med import av hundar eller sperma, samt risker vid parning eller insemination med utländska hundar. Vi ger också en översikt över situationen beträffande B. canis i Europa samt redogör för patogenes, smittspridning, kliniska tecken, diagnostik och behandling