228 research outputs found
The effectiveness of the combination fluoxetine-naltrexone in bulimia nervosa.
Four patients with DSM-IV bulimia nervosa were treated in a crossover trial with naltrexone alone, fluoxetine alone, and a fluoxetine-naltrexone combination. Three patients presented a complete remission when treated with the fluoxetine-naltrexone combination
The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy
The worldwide spread of COVID-19 has upset the normality of Italian daily life, forcing population to social distancing and self-isolation. Since the containment precautions also concern sport-related activities, home workout remained the only possibility to play sports and stay active during the pandemic. The present study aimed to examine changes in the physical activity levels during self-quarantine in Italy, and the impact of exercise on psychological health. A total of 2974 Italian subjects has completed an online survey, but only 2524 subjects resulted eligible for this study. The questionnaire measured the total weekly physical activity energy expenditure before and during quarantine (i.e. the sum of walking, moderate-intensity physical activities, and vigorous-intensity physical activities) in Metabolic Equivalent Task minutes per week (MET–min/wk) using an adapted version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire and their psychological well-being using the Psychological General Well Being Index. Of the 2524 Italian subjects included in the study, 1426 were females (56.4%) and 1098 males (43.6%). Total physical activity significantly decreased between before and during COVID-19 pandemic (Mean: 2429 vs. 1577 MET–min/wk, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001), in all age groups and especially in men (Female, mean: 1994 vs. 1443 MET–min/wk, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001; Male, mean: 2998 vs. 1754 MET–min/wk, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the variation of physical activity and mental well-being (r = 0.07541, ∗∗∗p = 0.0002), suggesting that the reduction of total physical activity had a profoundly negative impact on psychological health and well-being of population. Based on this scientific evidence, maintaining a regular exercise routine is a key strategy for physical and mental health during a forced rest period like the current coronavirus emergency
Proposing new variables for the identification of strategic groups in franchising
The identification of strategic groups in the Spanish franchising area is the
main aim of this study. The authors have added some new strategic variables (not
used before) to the study and have classified franchisors between sectors and
distribution strategy. The results reveal the existence of four perfectly differentiated
strategic groups (types of franchisors). One of the major implications of this study is
that the variables that build a strategic group vary depending on the respective sector the network operates in and its distribution strategy. This fact indicates that including sector and distribution strategy is absolutely necessary to achieve good classifications of franchisor type
Brain CHID1 Expression Correlates with NRGN and CALB1 in Healthy Subjects and AD Patients
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, devastating, and irreversible brain disorder that, day by day, destroys memory skills and social behavior. Despite this, the number of known genes suitable for discriminating between AD patients is insufficient. Among the genes potentially involved in the development of AD, there are the chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) CHI3L1, CHI3L2, and CHID1. The genes of the first two have been extensively investigated while, on the contrary, little information is available on CHID1. In this manuscript, we conducted transcriptome meta-analysis on an extensive sample of brains of healthy control subjects (n = 1849) (NDHC) and brains of AD patients (n = 1170) in order to demonstrate CHID1 involvement. Our analysis revealed an inverse correlation between the brain CHID1 expression levels and the age of NDHC subjects. Significant differences were highlighted comparing CHID1 expression of NDHC subjects and AD patients. Exclusive in AD patients, the CHID1 expression levels were correlated positively to calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) levels. Furthermore, both in NDHC and in AD patient's brains, the CHID1 expression levels were directly correlated with calbindin 1 (CALB1) and neurogranin (NRGN). According to brain regions, correlation differences were shown between the expression levels of CHID1 in prefrontal, frontal, occipital, cerebellum, temporal, and limbic system. Sex-related differences were only highlighted in NDHC. CHID1 represents a new chitinase potentially involved in the principal processes underlying Alzheimer's disease
Evaluation of a Cell-Free Collagen Type I-Based Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Regeneration in an Orthotopic Rat Model.
The management of chondral defects represents a big challenge because of the limited self-healing capacity of cartilage. Many approaches in this field obtained partial satisfactory results. Cartilage tissue engineering, combining innovative scaffolds and stem cells from different sources, emerges as a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of a cell-free collagen I-based scaffold to promote cartilaginous repair after orthotopic implantation in vivo. Articular cartilage lesions (ACL) were created at the femoropatellar groove in rat knees and cell free collagen I-based scaffolds (S) were then implanted into right knee defect for the ACL-S group. No scaffold was implanted for the ACL group. At 4-, 8- and 16-weeks post-transplantation, degrees of cartilage repair were evaluated by morphological, histochemical and gene expression analyses. Histological analysis shows the formation of fibrous tissue, at 4-weeks replaced by a tissue resembling the calcified one at 16-weeks in the ACL group. In the ACL-S group, progressive replacement of the scaffold with the newly formed cartilage-like tissue is shown, as confirmed by Alcian Blue staining. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses display the expression of typical cartilage markers, such as collagen type I and II (ColI and ColII), Aggrecan and Sox9. The results of this study display that the collagen I-based scaffold is highly biocompatible and able to recruit host cells from the surrounding joint tissues to promote cartilaginous repair of articular defects, suggesting its use as a potential approach for cartilage tissue regeneration
Cycloastragenol as an exogenous enhancer of chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A morphological study
Stem cell therapy and tissue engineering represent a promising approach for cartilage regeneration. However, they present limits in terms of mechanical properties and premature de-differentiation of engineered cartilage. Cycloastragenol (CAG), a triterpenoid saponin compound and a hydrolysis product of the main ingredient in Astragalus membranaceous, has been explored for cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate CAG's ability to promote cell proliferation, maintain cells in their stable active phenotype, and support the production of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in up to 28 days of three-dimensional (3D) chondrogenic culture. The hAMSC pellets were cultured in chondrogenic medium (CM) and in CM supplemented with CAG (CAG-CM) for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. At each time-point, the pellets were harvested for histological (hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)), histochemical (Alcian-Blue) and immunohistochemical analysis (Type I, II, and X collagen, aggrecan, SOX9, lubricin). After excluding CAG's cytotoxicity (MTT Assay), improved cell condensation, higher glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) content, and increased cell proliferation have been detected in CAG-CM pellets until 28 days of culture. Overall, CAG improved the chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, maintaining stable the active chondrocyte phenotype in up to 28 days of 3D in vitro chondrogenic culture. It is proposed that CAG might have a beneficial impact on cartilage regeneration approaches
Ghrelin proteolysis increases in plasma of men, but not women, with obesity
Aims: Since plasma ghrelin can undergo des-acylation and proteolysis, the aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which an enhancement of these reactions is associated to the decrease of ghrelin in plasma after food intake or in individuals with obesity. Main methods: we performed an intervention cross-sectional study, in which levels of ghrelin, desacyl-ghrelin (DAG), glucose, insulin, ghrelin des-acylation and ghrelin proteolysis were assessed in plasma before and after a test meal in 40 people (n = 21 males) with normal weight (NW, n = 20) or overweight/obesity (OW/OB, n = 20). Key findings: Preprandial ghrelin and DAG levels were lower, whereas preprandial ghrelin proteolysis was ∼4.6-fold higher in plasma of males with OW/OB. In males, ghrelin proteolysis positively correlated with glycemia. Ghrelin and DAG levels were also lower in females with OW/OB, but preprandial ghrelin proteolysis was not different between females with NW or OW/OB. Ghrelin and DAG levels decreased postprandially in males and females, independently of BMI, and ghrelin proteolysis increased postprandially ∼2 folds only in individuals with NW. Ghrelin des-acylation remained unaffected by BMI or feeding status in both sexes. Significance: Current study shows that ghrelin proteolysis increases in males with obesity as well as after meal in lean individuals. Therefore, ghrelin proteolysis may be an important checkpoint and, consequently, a putative pharmacological target to control circulating ghrelin levels in humans.Fil: Fittipaldi, Antonela Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Castrogiovanni, Daniel Cayetano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Lufrano, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Saenz, Camila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: de Francesco, Pablo Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Lalonde, Tyler. Western University; CanadáFil: Luyt, Leonard G.. Western University; CanadáFil: Cantel, Sonia. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Fehrentz, Jean Alain. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Andreoli, Maria Florencia. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor MarÃa Ludovica" de La Plata. Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Perello, Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; Argentin
Global response of conservationists across mass media likely constrained bat persecution due to COVID-19
Is relatively young age within a school year a risk factor for mental health problems and poor school performance? A population-based cross-sectional study of adolescents in Oslo, Norway
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that children who are relatively young within a school year are at greater risk for poorer school performance compared with their older peers. One study also reported that relative age within a school year is an independent risk factor for emotional and behavioral problems. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that relatively younger adolescents in the multiethnic population of Oslo have poorer school performance and more mental health problems than their relatively older classmates within the same school year. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study included all 10(th)-grade pupils enrolled in 2000 and 2001 in the city of Oslo. The participation rate was 88%. Of the 6,752 pupils in the study sample, 25% had a non-Norwegian background. Mental health problems were quantified using the abbreviated versions of Symptom Check List-25 (SCL-10) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Information on school performances and mental health problems were self-reported. We controlled for confounding factors including parental educational level, social support, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS: The youngest one-third of pupils had significantly lower average school grades than the middle one-third and oldest one-third of their classmates (p < 0.001). Of the mental health problems identified in the questionnaires, the groups differed only on peer problems; the youngest one-third reported significantly more problems than the middle and oldest groups (p < 0.05). Age within a school year and gender showed significant interactions with total SDQ score, SDQ peer problems score, SDQ pro social score, and SCL-10 score. After stratifying for gender, the peer problem scores differed significantly between age groups only among boys. The SCL-10 score was significant, but only in girls and in the opposite direction to that expected, with the oldest pupils having significantly higher scores than the other two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In adolescents from a multicultural city in Norway, relative age within a school year significantly influenced academic performance. In contrast to data from Great Britain, relative age within a school year was not an important risk factor for mental health problems in adolescents in Oslo
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