Aspectos da exposição ambiental aos agroquímicos no desenvolvimento animal.

A busca de indicadores da exposição de organismos não-alvo a agroquímicos vem cada vez mais se intensificando. As alterações neurocomportamentais estão entre as medidas de eventos biológicos estudadas como possíveis indicadores da exposição a tais substâncias. Entretanto, muitos dos agroquímicos aplicados corriqueiramente em nossa agricultura não possuem indicadores de exposição claramente definidos. Assim, os parâmetros usados tradicionalmente, como porcentagem de fertilidade, abortos e taxa de natalidade, deverão ser complementados com outros parâmetros como o desenvolvimento físico e avaliações comportamentais. Nos últimos anos tem crescido também a busca por técnicas genéticas. De forma semelhante, os indicadores para a avaliação das alterações genéticas também estão sendo aprimorados. Os resultados de tais avaliações podem, então, ser interpretados com base em uma visão abrangente do desenvolvimento, voltada para a detecção de prejuízos iniciais no organismo. Os testes utilizados, além de sua aplicação na identificação de efeitos prejudiciais à saúde, poderão também ter aplicação no monitoramento de populações humanas expostas a agroquímicos. Além disso, os resultados obtidos poderão ser usados como um dos parâmetros para avaliação de sustentabilidade do modelo agrícola, em relação ao equilíbrio ambiental.Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T12:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 v21n3p469.pdf: 106852 bytes, checksum: 3b1410239045c2f2584f4d573c73b2e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-20200

Toxicity Assessment Of Tio2 Nanoparticles In Zebrafish Embryos Under Different Exposure Conditions

The popularity of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) lies in their wide range of nanotechnological applications, together with low toxicity. Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that the photocatalytic properties of this material can result in alterations in their behavior in the environment, causing effects that have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of two formulations of nano-TiO2 under different illumination conditions, using an experimental model coherent with the principle of the three Rs of alternative animal experimentation (reduction, refinement, and replacement). Embryos of the fish Danio rerio were exposed for 96h to different concentrations of nano-TiO2 in the form of anatase (TA) or an anatase/rutile mixture (TM), under either visible light or a combination of visible and ultraviolet light (UV). The acute toxicity and sublethal parameters evaluated included survival rates, malformation, hatching, equilibrium, and overall length of the larvae, together with biochemical biomarkers (specific activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acid phosphatase (AP)). Both TA and TM caused accelerated hatching of the larvae. Under UV irradiation, there was greater mortality of the larvae of the groups exposed to TM, compared to those exposed to TA. Exposure to TM under UV irradiation altered the equilibrium of the larvae. Alterations in the activities of CAT and GST were indicative of oxidative stress, although no clear dose-response relationship was observed. The effects of nano-TiO2 appeared to depend on both the type of formulation and the illumination condition. 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