Consenso Mexicano de Hepatitis Alcohólica

La hepatitis alcohólica es una condición frecuente en la población mexicana, se caracteriza por insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica, importante reacción inflamatoria sistémica y fallo multiorgánico, que en la variante grave de la enfermedad implica una elevada mortalidad. Por lo anterior, la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología y la Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología conjuntaron un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales de la salud para elaborar el primer consenso mexicano de hepatitis alcohólica. El consenso fue elaborado con la metodología Delphi, emitiendo 37 recomendaciones. La enfermedad hepática relacionada con el consumo de alcohol comprende un amplio espectro, que incluye esteatosis, esteatohepatitis, fibrosis en diferentes grados, cirrosis y sus complicaciones. La hepatitis alcohólica grave se define por una función modificada de Maddrey ≥ 32 o por un puntaje de MELD (Model for End- Stage Liver Disease) igual o mayor a 21. Actualmente no existe un biomarcador específico para el diagnóstico. La presencia de leucocitosis con neutrofilia, hiperbilirrubinemia (> 3 mg/dL),AST > 50 U/L ( 1.5-2 pueden orientar al diagnóstico. La piedraangular del tratamiento es la abstiencia junto con el soporte nutricional. Los esteroides estanindicados en la forma grave, en donde han resultado efectivos para reducir la mortalidad a28 días. El trasplante hepático es en la actualidad la única opción con que se cuenta parasalvar la vida de pacientes que no responden a los esteroides. Ciertos fármacos, como la N-acetilcisteína, el factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos y la metadoxina, pueden seruna terapia adyuvante que puede mejorar la supervivencia de los pacientes

The Mexican consensus on alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis is a frequent condition in the Mexican population. It is characterized by acute-on-chronic liver failure, important systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ failure. The severe variant of the disease implies elevated mortality. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología brought together a multidisciplinary team of health professionals to formulate the first Mexican consensus on alcoholic hepatitis, carried out utilizing the Delphi method and resultingin 37 recommendations. Alcohol-related liver disease covers a broad spectrum of patholo-gies that includes steatosis, steatohepatitis, different grades of fibrosis, and cirrhosis and itscomplications. Severe alcoholic hepatitis is defined by a modified Maddrey’s discriminant func-tion score ≥ 32 or by a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score equal to or above 21.There is currently no specific biomarker for its diagnosis. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hyper-bilirubinemia (>3 mg/dl), AST > 50 U/l ( 1.5-2 can guide thediagnosis. Abstinence from alcohol, together with nutritional support, is the cornerstone oftreatment. Steroids are indicated for severe disease and have been effective in reducing the28-day mortality rate. At present, liver transplantation is the only life-saving option for patientsthat are nonresponders to steroids. Certain drugs, such as N-acetylcysteine, granulocyte-colonystimulating factor, and metadoxine, can be adjuvant therapies with a positive impact on patientsurvival

A global action agenda for turning the tide on fatty liver disease

Background and Aims: Fatty liver disease is a major public health threat due to its very high prevalence and related morbidity and mortality. Focused and dedicated interventions are urgently needed to target disease prevention, treatment, and care. Approach and Results: We developed an aligned, prioritized action agenda for the global fatty liver disease community of practice. Following a Delphi methodology over 2 rounds, a large panel (R1 n = 344, R2 n = 288) reviewed the action priorities using Qualtrics XM, indicating agreement using a 4-point Likert-scale and providing written feedback. Priorities were revised between rounds, and in R2, panelists also ranked the priorities within 6 domains: epidemiology, treatment and care, models of care, education and awareness, patient and community perspectives, and leadership and public health policy. The consensus fatty liver disease action agenda encompasses 29 priorities. In R2, the mean percentage of “agree” responses was 82.4%, with all individual priorities having at least a super-majority of agreement (> 66.7% “agree”). The highest-ranked action priorities included collaboration between liver specialists and primary care doctors on early diagnosis, action to address the needs of people living with multiple morbidities, and the incorporation of fatty liver disease into relevant non-communicable disease strategies and guidance. Conclusions: This consensus-driven multidisciplinary fatty liver disease action agenda developed by care providers, clinical researchers, and public health and policy experts provides a path to reduce the prevalence of fatty liver disease and improve health outcomes. To implement this agenda, concerted efforts will be needed at the global, regional, and national levels

A global research priority agenda to advance public health responses to fatty liver disease

Background & aims An estimated 38% of adults worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). From individual impacts to widespread public health and economic consequences, the implications of this disease are profound. This study aimed to develop an aligned, prioritised fatty liver disease research agenda for the global health community. Methods Nine co-chairs drafted initial research priorities, subsequently reviewed by 40 core authors and debated during a three-day in-person meeting. Following a Delphi methodology, over two rounds, a large panel (R1 n = 344, R2 n = 288) reviewed the priorities, via Qualtrics XM, indicating agreement using a four-point Likert-scale and providing written feedback. The core group revised the draft priorities between rounds. In R2, panellists also ranked the priorities within six domains: epidemiology, models of care, treatment and care, education and awareness, patient and community perspectives, and leadership and public health policy. Results The consensus-built fatty liver disease research agenda encompasses 28 priorities. The mean percentage of ‘agree’ responses increased from 78.3 in R1 to 81.1 in R2. Five priorities received unanimous combined agreement (‘agree’ + ‘somewhat agree’); the remaining 23 priorities had >90% combined agreement. While all but one of the priorities exhibited at least a super-majority of agreement (>66.7% ‘agree’), 13 priorities had 90% combined agreement. Conclusions Adopting this multidisciplinary consensus-built research priorities agenda can deliver a step-change in addressing fatty liver disease, mitigating against its individual and societal harms and proactively altering its natural history through prevention, identification, treatment, and care. This agenda should catalyse the global health community’s efforts to advance and accelerate responses to this widespread and fast-growing public health threat. Impact and implications An estimated 38% of adults and 13% of children and adolescents worldwide have fatty liver disease, making it the most prevalent liver disease in history. Despite substantial scientific progress in the past three decades, the burden continues to grow, with an urgent need to advance understanding of how to prevent, manage, and treat the disease. Through a global consensus process, a multidisciplinary group agreed on 28 research priorities covering a broad range of themes, from disease burden, treatment, and health system responses to awareness and policy. The findings have relevance for clinical and non-clinical researchers as well as funders working on fatty liver disease and non-communicable diseases more broadly, setting out a prioritised, ranked research agenda for turning the tide on this fast-growing public health threat

Mexican consensus on lysosomal acid lipase deficiency diagnosis

Introduction: Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) causes progressive cholesteryl ester and triglyceride accumulation in the lysosomes of hepatocytes and monocyte-macrophage system cells, resulting in a systemic disease with various manifestations that may go unnoticed. It is indispensable to recognize the deficiency, which can present in patients at any age, so that specific treatment can be given. The aim of the present review was to offer a guide for physicians in understanding the fundamental diagnostic aspects of LAL-D, to successfully aid in its identification. Methods: The review was designed by a group of Mexican experts and is presented as an orienting algorithm for the pediatrician, internist, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, geneticist, pathologist, radiologist, and other specialists that could come across this disease in their patients. An up-to-date review of the literature in relation to the clinical manifestations of LAL-D and its diagnosis was performed. The statements were formulated based on said review and were then voted upon. The structured quantitative method employed for reaching consensus was the nominal group technique. Results: A practical algorithm of the diagnostic process in LAL-D patients was proposed, based on clinical and laboratory data indicative of the disease and in accordance with the consensus established for each recommendation. Conclusion: The algorithm provides a sequence of clinical actions from different studies for optimizing the diagnostic process of patients suspected of having LAL-D

Consenso mexicano sobre el diagnóstico de la deficiencia de lipasa ácida lisosomal

Introducción: La deficiencia de lipasa ácida lisosomal (DLAL) ocasiona el almacenamiento de ésteres de colesterol y triglicéridos en los lisosomas de los hepatocitos y células del sistema monocito-macrófago y, como consecuencia, produce una enfermedad sistémica con manifestaciones variadas que puede pasar inadvertida; es indispensable reconocerla ya que puede diagnosticarse a cualquier edad y recibir tratamiento específico. El objetivo de este documento es ofrecer una guía que permita al médico conocer los aspectos fundamentales relacionados con el diagnóstico de la DLAL para garantizar su identificación. Este documento fue diseñado por un grupo de expertos y se presenta como un algoritmo para orientar al médico pediatra, internista, gastroenterólogo, endocrinólogo, genetista, patólogo, imagenólogo y otros especialistas que pudieran enfrentar a esta entidad. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión actualizada de la literatura con respecto a las manifestaciones clínicas y el diagnóstico de la DLAL por parte de los expertos mexicanos. Se plantearon las declaraciones con base en esta revisión y se sometieron a votación. Se utilizó el método cuantitativo estructurado de técnica de grupo nominal para alcanzar un consenso. Resultado: Se propone un algoritmo práctico del proceso diagnóstico de pacientes con DLAL, con base en datos clínicos y de laboratorio indicativos de la enfermedad, acorde con el consenso estabilizador para cada recomendación. Conclusión: Este algoritmo proporciona una secuencia de acciones clínicas, basado en las manifestaciones clínicas obtenidas de los diferentes estudios, con el propósito de optimizar el proceso diagnóstico de los pacientes con sospecha de DLAL

Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir en pacientes mexicanos con hepatitis C: una revisión retrospectiva

Resumen: Introducción: La combinación de sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) es una terapia antiviral de acción directa que está autorizada y disponible en México. Esto hace que la evaluación de la respuesta virológica sostenida (RVS) 12 semanas después del tratamiento, por medio de la realización de una revisión multicentro en el mundo real, sea una tarea relevante. Métodos: Se efectuó una revisión retrospectiva de los registros de 241 casos de pacientes atendidos en 20 hospitales en México para evaluar el tratamiento contra la hepatitis C con la combinación SOF/VEL (n = 231) y sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/ribavirin (SOF/VEL/RBV) (n = 10). El objetivo de eficacia primario fue el porcentaje de pacientes que lograron la RVS 12 semanas posterior a la finalización del tratamiento. Resultados: En general, la RVS fue de 98.8% (IC 95% 97.35 a 100%). Solo tres pacientes no lograron la RVS, de los cuales dos padecían cirrosis y una tenía historia previa de tratamiento con interferón pegilado (peg-IFN). De los subgrupos analizados, todos los casos con infección de virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), tres con genotipo 3 y aquellos tratados con la combinación SOF/VEL/RBV, lograron RVS. Los subgrupos con tasas menores de éxito fueron los pacientes que tenían experiencia con tratamiento (96.8%) y pacientes con fibrosis F1 (95.5%). Los eventos adversos más frecuentes fueron fatiga, cefalea e insomnio. No se reportaron eventos adversos graves. Conclusión: Los tratamientos con SOF/VEL y SOF/VEL/RBV fueron altamente seguros y efectivos y los resultados coinciden con los de otros estudios internacionales realizados en el mundo real. Abstract Introduction: The sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) combination is a direct-acting antiviral therapy that is authorized and available in Mexico, making the performance of a real-world multicenter study that evaluates the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post-treatment a relevant undertaking. Methods: A retrospective review of the case records of 241 patients seen at 20 hospitals in Mexico was conducted to assess hepatitis C treatment with the SOF/VEL combination (n = 231) and the sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/ribavirin (SOF/VEL/RBV) combination (n = 10). The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients that achieved SVR at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Results: Overall SVR was 98.8% (95% CI 97.35-100%). Only three patients did not achieve SVR, two of whom had cirrhosis and a history of previous treatment with peg-IFN. Of the subgroups analyzed, all the patients with HIV coinfection, three patients with genotype 3, and the patients treated with the SOF/VEL/RBV combination achieved SVR. The subgroups with the lower success rates were patients that were treatment-experienced (96.8%) and patients with F1 fibrosis (95.5%). The most frequent adverse events were fatigue, headache, and insomnia. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Treatments with SOF/VEL and SOF/VEL/RBV were highly safe and effective, results coinciding with those of other international real-world studies

Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología A.C. Guía Clínica de Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, at least three million adults are estimated to have acquired hepatitis B (total hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc]-positive), and of those, 300,000 active carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive) could require treatment. Because HBV is preventable through vaccination, its universal application should be emphasized. HBV infection is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Semi-annual liver ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein testing favor early detection of that cancer and should be carried out in all patients with chronic HBV infection, regardless of the presence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Currently, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues that have a high barrier to resistance are the first-line therapies