Evaluation of lasting effects of heat stress on sperm profile and oxidative status of ram semen and epididymal sperm

Higher temperatures lead to an increase of testicular metabolism that results in spermatic damage. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for testicular damage caused by heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate lasting effects of heat stress on ejaculated sperm and immediate or long-term effects of heat stress on epididymal sperm. We observed decrease in motility and mass motility of ejaculated sperm, as well as an increase in the percentages of sperm showing major and minor defects, damaged plasma and acrosome membranes, and a decrease in the percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential in the treated group until one spermatic cycle. An increased enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase and an increase of stressed cells were observed in ejaculated sperm of the treated group. A decrease in the percentage of epididymal sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in the treated group. However, when comparing immediate and long-term effects, we observed an increase in the percentage of sperm with low mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, testicular heat stress induced oxidative stress that led to rescuable alterations after one spermatic cycle in ejaculated sperm and also after 30 days in epididymal sperm

Characteristics Associated With Pathogenicity Of Avian Septicaemic Escherichia Coli Strains

Seventeen strains of E. coli, isolated from chickens with colisepticaemia, were studied with respect to their pathogenic characteristics including: serum resistance, toxin production, pathogenicity for one-day-old chicks, colicin production, adherence to and invasiveness of HeLa cells, plasmid DNA profile and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of membrane proteins, as well as electron microscope studies and hemagglutination tests for fimbriae. We concluded that the adherence to and the invasiness of HeLa cells were not related to the pathogenicity of these strains for chickens. Plasmid profiles were not related to the bacterial activity of the serum. Toxin production was correlated to the highest levels of pathogenicity. Some of the strains had mannose-resistant fimbriae. SDS-PAGE of membrane proteins of all the strains which were either not pathogenic or which had a very high LD50 lacked two major protein subunits of 40.7 kDa and 28.8 kDa found only in pathogenic strains. © 1994.411-27586Aycardi, Lafont, Données récentes sur l'étiologie et l'épizootologie de la mycoplasmose de poulet. Conséquences prophylactiques (1969) Bull. Off. Int. Epizoot., 72, pp. 351-380Christensen, Simpson, Beachey, Microbial adherence in infection (1985) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, , Mandell, Douglas, Bennett, 2nd EdnDatta, Hedges, Shaw, Sykes, Richmond, Properties of an R-factor from Pseudomonas aerugninosa (1971) J. Bacteriol., 108, pp. 1244-1249Dean, Ching, Williams, Harden, Test for Escherichia coli enterotoxin using infant mice: application in a study of diarrhea in children in Honolulu (1972) J. Infect. Dis., 125, pp. 407-411Dho, Lafont, Escherichia coli colonization of the trachea in poultry: Comparison of virulent and aviruvent strains in gntotoxenic chickens (1982) Avian Dis., 26, pp. 787-797Dho, Lafont, Adhesive properties and iron uptake ability in Escherichia coli lethal and non-lethal for chicks (1984) Avian Dis., 28, pp. 1016-1025Elwell, Shipley, Plasmid-mediated factors associated with virulence of bacteria to animals (1980) Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 34, pp. 465-496Evans, Silver, Evans, Chase, Gorbach, Plasmid controlled colonization factor associated with virulence in Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic for humans (1975) Infect. Immun., 12, pp. 656-667Gianella, Pathogenesis of Acute Bacterial Diarrheal Disorders (1981) Annual Review of Medicine, 32, pp. 341-357Glantz, Narotsky, Bubash, Escherichia coli Serotypes Isolated from Salpingitis and Chronic Respiratory Disease of Poultry (1962) Avian Diseases, 6, pp. 322-328Grewal, Warner, Williams, An inducible outer membrane protein involved in aerobactin-mediated iron transport by ColV strains of Escherichia coli (1982) FEBS Lett., 140, pp. 27-30Gross, The Development of "Air Sac Disease" (1961) Avian Diseases, 5, pp. 431-439Guinée, Veldkamp, Jansen, Improved minca medium for the detection of K99 antigen in calf enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (1977) Infect. Immun., 15, pp. 676-678Gyles, DISCUSSION: HEAT-LABILE AND HEAT-STABLE FORMS OF THE ENTEROTOXIN FROM E. COLI STRAINS ENTEROPATHOGENIC FOR PIGS (1971) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 176, pp. 314-322Gyles, Barnum, A heat labile enterotoxin from strains of Escherichia coli enterophatogenic for pigs (1969) J. Infect. Dis., 120, pp. 419-426Gyles, So, Falkow, The enterotoxin plasmids of Escherichia coli (1974) J. Infect. Dis., 130, pp. 40-49Hames, Rickwood, (1982) Gel electrophoresis of proteins: A practical approach, , IRL Press Limited, EnglandHancock, Hantke, Broun, Iron transport in Escherichia coli K-12: involvement of the colicin B receptor and of a citrate-inducible protein (1976) J. Bacteriol., 127, pp. 1370-1375Ichihara, Mizushima, Involvement of outer membrane proteins in enterochelin-mediated iron uptake in Escherichia coli (1977) J. Biochem., 81, pp. 749-756Jones, Rutter, Role of the K88 antigen in the pathogenesis of neonatal diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli in piglets (1972) Infect. Immun., 6, pp. 918-927Kleba, McIntosh, Neilands, Kinetics of biosynthesis of iron-regulated membrane proteins in Escherichia coli (1982) J. Bacteriol., 149, pp. 880-888Laemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 (1970) Nature, 227, pp. 680-685Levine, Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea: enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterophemorrphage, and enteroadherent (1987) J. Infect. Dis., 155, pp. 377-389Lopez-Alvarez, Gyles, Occurrence of the vir plasmids among animal and human strains of invasive Escherichia coli (1980) Am. J. Vet. Res., 41, pp. 769-774Macrina, Kopecko, Jones, Ayers, McCowen, A multiple plasmid-containing Escherichia coli strain: Convenient source of size reference plasmid molecules (1978) Plasmid, 1, pp. 417-420Miller, (1972) Experiments in molecular biology, , Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring HarborMoll, Manning, Timis, Plasmid-determined resistance to serum bactericidal activity: a major outer membrane protein, the traT gene product, is responsible for plasmid-specified serum resistance in Escherichia coli (1980) Infect. Immun., 28, pp. 359-367Nagaraja, Emery, Newman, Pomeroy, Identification and isolation of somatic pili from pathogenic Escherichia coli of turkeys (1983) Am. J. Vet. Res., 44 (2), pp. 284-287Naveh, Zusman, Skutelsky, Ron, Adherence pili in avian strains of Escherichia coli: effect on pathogenicity (1984) Avian Dis., 28, pp. 651-661Quackenbush, Falkow, Relationship between colicin activity and virulence in Escherichia coli (1984) Infect. Immun., 28, pp. 651-661Reed, Muench, A simple method for estimating fifty per cent endpoints (1938) Am. J. Hyg., 27, pp. 493-497Reynard, Beck, Plasmid mediated resistance to the bactericidal effects of normal rabbit serum (1976) Infect. Immun., 14, pp. 848-850Reynard, Beck, Cunningnam, Effects of antibiotic resistance plasmids on the bactericidal activity of normal rabbit serum (1978) Infect. Immun., 19, pp. 861-866Rosemberg, Young, Iron transport in the enteric bacteria (1974) Microbial iron metabolism: a comprehensive treatise, pp. 67-83. , J.B. Neiland, Academic Press, Inc, New YorkSambrook, Fritsch, Maniatis, (1989) Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual, , N. Ford, C. Nolan, M. Ferguson, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory PressScaletsky, Silva, Trabulsi, Distinctive patterns of adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells (1984) Infect. Immun., 45, pp. 534-536Schnaitnam, Effect of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, triton X-100 and lysozyme on the morphology and chemical composition of the cell wall of Escherichia coli (1971) J. Bacteriol., 108, pp. 553-563Schnaitman, Solubilization of the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli by triton X-100 (1971) J. Bacteriol., 108, pp. 545-552Sereny, Experimental Shigella conjunctivitis (1955) Acta Microbial. Acad. Sci. Hung., 2, pp. 293-296Smith, A search for transmissible pathogenic characters in invasive strains of Escherichia coli: the discovery of a plasmid-controlled toxin and a plasmid-controlled lethal character closely associated, or identical, with colicin (1974) V.J. Gen. Microbiol., 83, pp. 11-95Smith, Halls, Studies on Escherichia coli enterotoxin (1967) J. Path. Bact., 93, pp. 531-543Smith, Huggins, Further observations on the association of the colicine V plasmid of Escherichia coli with pathogenicity and with survival in the alimentary tract (1976) J. Gen. Microbiol., 92, pp. 335-350Sojka, (1965) Escherichia coli in domestic animals and poultry, pp. 157-168. , Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux Farnham Royal, Bucks, EnglandSojka, Carnaghan, Escherichia coli infection in poultry (1961) Res. Vet. Sch., 2, pp. 340-352Srinivasan, Kharole, Kalra, Dwivedi, Colibacillosis in poultry (1979) Indian Vet. J., 56, pp. 629-633Stuart, Greenwood, Luke, Hidroxamate-mediated transport of iron controlled by ColV plasmids (1980) J. Bacteriol., 143, pp. 35-42Suwanichkul, Panigraphy, Biological and Immunological Characterization of Pili of Escherichia coli Serotypes O1, O2, and O78 Pathogenic to Poultry (1986) Avian Diseases, 36, pp. 781-787Suwanichkul, Panigraphy, Diversity of pilus subunits of Escherichia coli isolated from avian species (1988) Avian Dis., 32, pp. 822-825Suwanichkul, Panigraphy, Wagner, Antigenic relatedness and partial amino acid sequences of pili of Escherichia coli serotypes O1, O2, and O78 pathogenic to poultry (1987) Avian Dis., 31, pp. 809-813Truscott, Studies on the chicken-lethal toxin of Escherichia coli (1973) Can. J. Comp. Med., 38, pp. 160-167Tsuji, Joya, Yao, Honda, Miwatani, Purification and characterization of heat-liable enterotoxin isolated from chicken enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1988) FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 52, pp. 79-84Valvano, Crosa, Aerobactin iron transport genes commonly encoded by certain ColV plasmids occur in the chromosome of a human invasive strain of Escherichia coli K1 (1984) Infect. Immun., 46, pp. 159-167Vidotto, Muller, Freitas, Alfieri, Guimaråes, Santos, Virulence Factors of Avian Escherichia coli (1991) Avian Diseases, 34, pp. 531-538Warner, Williams, Bindereif, Neilands, ColV plasmid-specified aerobactin synthesis by invasive strains of Escherichia coli (1981) Infect. Immun., 33, pp. 540-545Weinberg, Iron and infection (1978) Microbiol. Rev., 42, pp. 45-66Williams, Novel iron uptake system specified by ColV plasmids: an important component in the virulence of invasive strains of Eschericihia coli (1979) Infect. Immun., 26, pp. 925-932Williams, Carbonetti, Iron, siderophores, and pursuit of virulence: independence of the aerobactin and enterochelin iron uptake systems in Escherichia coli (1986) Infect. Immun., 51, pp. 942-947Williams, Warner, ColV plasmid-mediated, colicin V-independent iron uptake system of invasive strains of Escherichia coli (1980) Infect. Immun., 29, pp. 411-416Yano, Oliveira, Fontes, Almeida, Pestana de Castro, Detection of heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by the radial immune hemolysis test: a modification for clinical use (1982) Med. Microbiol. Immunol., 177, pp. 219-228Yano, Tamashiro, Garcia, Pestana de Castro, Detecção de verocitoxina (VT) em amostras de Eschirichia coli isoladas de bezerros com diarréia (1986) Rev. Microbiol., 17, pp. 339-34

Virulence Factors Present In Strains Of Porcine Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated In Brasil [fatores De Virulencia Em Amostras De Escherichia Coli Enteropatogenicas Para Suinos Isoladas No Brasil]

[No abstract available]161213

Transposon Mutagenesis And Membrane Protein Studies In An Avian Colisepticaemic Escherichia Coli Strain

The pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, plasmid DNA and membrane protein profiles of a colisepticaemic Escherichia coli strain (362) isolated from chickens was studied. It was verified that this strain harboured at least five plasmids. One 88.0 MD plasmid is non conjugative and is responsible for the production of colicin V and serum resistance. The 43.0 MD plasmid is responsible for resistance to bactericidal activity of serum and ampicilin. Curing of these plasmids did not decrease the pathogenicity of the strain. Transposon mutagenesis (Tnpho A) of strain 362 yielded a non-pathogenic derivative strain which had lost a 40.7 kD membrane protein, which is not correlated to the aerobactin and enterochelin systems. We suggest that this protein subunit is involved in the pathogenicity process of avian septicaemic E. coli strains.17191

Bluetongue Virus: Production And Study Of Viral Antigen For Serological Diagnosis

A soluble antigen, produced from the culture supernatant of VERO cells infected with bluetongue virus serotype 4 (BTV-S4) and concentrated by sequential ultrafiltration with membranes with cut-off values 103 and 25 × 103 NMWP, showed complete identity to standard antigens when compared by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and SDS-PAGE profiles, revealing that the main protein component responsible for the AGID reaction has a molecular weight of about 60 kDa corresponding probably to the NS1 protein. © 1993.4402/03/15281286Adams, Gogolewski, Barbet, Cheevers, Identification of caprine arthritisencephalitis retrovirus proteins in immunodiffusion precipitin line (1985) J. Gen. Virol., 66, pp. 1139-1143Campbell, Grubman, Current knowledge on the biochemistry and immunology of bluetongue (1985) Prog. Vet. Microbiol. Immunol., 1, pp. 58-79Eaton, Hyatt, White, Localization of the nonstructural protein NS1 in bluetongue virus-infected cells and its presence in virus particles (1988) Virology, 163, pp. 527-537Hubschle, Yang, Immunodiffusion studies with bluetongue virus using an isolated core protein (1983) Proc. Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagn., 26, pp. 725-730Huismans, Protein synthesis in bluetongue virus-infected cells (1979) Virology, 92, pp. 385-396Huismans, Cloete, A comparison of different cloned bluetongue virus genome segments as probes for the detection of virus-specified RNA (1987) Virology, 158, pp. 373-380Huismans, Els, Characterization of the tubules associated with the replication of three different orbiviruses (1979) Virology, 92, pp. 397-406Huismans, Bremer, Barber, The nucleic acid and proteins of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (1979) J. Vet. Res., 46, pp. 51-58Jochim, Chow, Immunodiffusion of bluetongue virus (1969) Am. J. Vet. Res., 30, pp. 33-41Jochim, Improvement of the AGP test for bluetongue (1976) Proc. Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagn., 19, pp. 361-376Jochim, Pearson, Protocol for the immunodiffusion test for bluetongue (1979) Proc. Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagn., 22, pp. 463-471Jochim, An overview of diagnostics for bluetongue (1985) B. Jochim, Bluetongue and Related Orbiviruses, pp. 423-433. , Alan R. Liss, New YorkKlontz, Svehag, Gorhan, A study by the agar diffusion technique of precipitating antibody directed against blue tongue virus and its relation to hemotypic neutralizing antibody (1962) Archiv f�r die gesamte Virusforschung, 2, pp. 259-272Knudson, Shope, Overview of the orbiviruses (1985) B. Jochim. Bluetongue and Related Orbiviruses, pp. 255-266. , Alan R. Liss, New YorkLaemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 (1970) Nature, 227, pp. 680-685Matthews, Classification and nomenclature of viruses (1982) Fourth Rep. Int. Com. Tax. Vir. Intervirol., 17, pp. 1-199Mechan, Dean, Jochim, Correlation of serotype specificity and protein structure of the five U.S. serotypes of bluetongue virus (1986) J. Gen. Virol., 67, pp. 2617-2624Ranger, Brown, Bluetongue/epizootic haemorrhagic disease agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) antigen (1985) NVSL Diagnostic Reagents Production Guide No. R-63/94, pp. 1-4Verwoerd, Els, De, Huismans, Structure of the bluetongue virus capsid (1972) J. Virol., 10, pp. 783-794Verwoerd, Huismans, Studies on the in vitro and the in vivo transcription of the bluetongue virus genome (1972) Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 39, pp. 185-192Urakawa, Roy, Bluetongue virus tubules made in insect cells by recombinant baculoviruses: expression on the NS1 gene of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (1988) J. Virol., 62, pp. 3919-3927Wang, Luedke, Chow, Soluble antigen of bluetongue virus (1972) Inf. Immunol., 5, pp. 467-47

Rotavirus Excretion In Naturally Infected Pigs With And Without Diarrhoea

Seven hundred and fifty faecal samples from piglet ranging from 1 to 60 days old were studied for the presence of group A rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). From 451 diarrhoeic pigs, 117 (25.94%) were positive for rotavirus and only 45 (15.05%) of 299 pigs without diarrhoea excreted the virus (P < 0.005). When these animals were separated into four age groups with regard to the presence or absence of diarrhoea, it was observed that the excretion of rotavirus was associated with diarrhoea in piglets, both before and after weaning. © 1993.3701/02/15187190Alpers, Sandres, Hampson, Rotavirus excretion by village pigs in Papua New Guinea (1991) Austr. Vet. J., 68, pp. 65-67Benfield, Stotz, Moore, McAdhragh, Shedding of rotavirus in faeces of sows before and after farrowing (1982) J. Clin. Microbiol., 161, pp. 186-190Bohl, Rotaviral diarrhea in pigs: brief review (1979) J. Am. Vet. Med., 174, pp. 613-615Fu, Hampson, Group A rotavirus excretion patterns in naturally infected pigs (1987) Res. Vet. Sci., 43, pp. 297-300Herring, Inglis, Ojeh, Snodgrass, Menzies, Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection by directed detection of viral nucleic acid in silver stained polyacrylamide gels (1982) J. Clin. Microbiol., 16, pp. 473-477Laemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 (1970) Nature (London), 227, pp. 680-685Pereira, Azevedo, Leite, Andrade, de Castro, A combined enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA) (1985) Journal of Virological Methods, 10, pp. 21-28Tzipori, Chandler, Smith, Makin, Hennessy, Factors contributing to postweaning diarrhea in a large intensive piggery (1980) Aust. Vet. J., 56, pp. 274-27

Studies Of The Genetic Expression Of 31a Fimbriae By Two Bovine Septicaemic Escherichia Coli Strains

Using transposon tnphoA, classical bacterial genetic assays, SDS-PAGE and Western blot of superficial proteins, we have studied the expression of the 31A fimbriae of two bovine wild-type septicaemic Escherichia coli strains. The genes responsible for encoding colonization factor 31A were located in both the plasmid (strain BZ2468) and the chromosome (strain BZ43). The results obtained using HeLa cell cultures led us to believe that the BZ43 strain could have another colonization factor besides 31 A, since one mutant, which did not express fimbriae, was still able to adhere to HeLa cells.17436537