6,836 research outputs found
Critical phase behavior in multi-component fluid mixtures: Complete scaling analysis
We analyze the critical gas-liquid phase behavior of arbitrary fluid mixtures
in their coexistence region. We focus on the setting relevant for polydisperse
colloids, where the overall density and composition of the system are being
controlled, in addition to temperature. Our analysis uses the complete scaling
formalism and thus includes pressure mixing effects in the mapping from
thermodynamic fields to the effective fields of 3D Ising criticality. Because
of fractionation, where mixture components are distributed unevenly across
coexisting phases, the critical behavior is remarkably rich. We give scaling
laws for a number of important loci in the phase diagram. These include the
cloud and shadow curves, which characterise the onset of phase coexistence, a
more general set of curves defined by fixing the fractional volumes of the
coexisting phases to arbitrary values, and conventional coexistence curves of
the densities of coexisting phases for fixed overall density. We identify
suitable observables (distinct from the Yang-Yang anomalies discussed in the
literature) for detecting pressure mixing effects. Our analytical predictions
are checked against numerics using a set of mapping parameters fitted to
simulation data for a polydisperse Lennard-Jones fluid, allowing us to
highlight crossovers where pressure mixing becomes relevant close to the
critical point.Comment: 21 pages, 7 captioned figure
Phase separation dynamics of polydisperse colloids: a mean-field lattice-gas theory
New insights into phase separation in colloidal suspensions are provided via
a new dynamical theory based on the Polydisperse Lattice-Gas model. The model
gives a simplified description of polydisperse colloids, incorporating a
hard-core repulsion combined with polydispersity in the strength of the
attraction between neighbouring particles. Our mean-field equations describe
the local concentration evolution for each of an arbitrary number of species,
and for an arbitrary overall composition of the system. We focus on the
predictions for the dynamics of colloidal gas-liquid phase separation after a
quench into the coexistence region. The critical point and the relevant
spinodal curves are determined analytically, with the latter depending only on
three moments of the overall composition. The results for the early-time
spinodal dynamics show qualitative changes as one crosses a 'quenched' spinodal
that excludes fractionation and so allows only density fluctuations at fixed
composition. This effect occurs for dense systems, in agreement with a
conjecture by Warren that, at high density, fractionation should be generically
slow because it requires inter-diffusion of particles. We verify this
conclusion by showing that the observed qualitative changes disappear when
direct particle-particle swaps are allowed in the dynamics. Finally, the rich
behaviour beyond the spinodal regime is examined, where we find that the
evaporation of gas bubbles with strongly fractionated interfaces causes
long-lived composition heterogeneities in the liquid phase; we introduce a
two-dimensional density histogram method that allows such effects to be easily
visualized for an arbitrary number of particle species.Comment: 20 pages; accepted for publication in Physical Chemistry Chemical
Physic
Almost complete and equable heteroclinic networks
Heteroclinic connections are trajectories that link invariant sets for an
autonomous dynamical flow: these connections can robustly form networks between
equilibria, for systems with flow-invariant spaces. In this paper we examine
the relation between the heteroclinic network as a flow-invariant set and
directed graphs of possible connections between nodes. We consider realizations
of a large class of transitive digraphs as robust heteroclinic networks and
show that although robust realizations are typically not complete (i.e. not all
unstable manifolds of nodes are part of the network), they can be almost
complete (i.e. complete up to a set of zero measure within the unstable
manifold) and equable (i.e. all sets of connections from a node have the same
dimension). We show there are almost complete and equable realizations that can
be closed by adding a number of extra nodes and connections. We discuss some
examples and describe a sense in which an equable almost complete network
embedding is an optimal description of stochastically perturbed motion on the
network
A highly distorted turbulent free shear layer
Imperial Users onl
Collaborative Researchers or Cold Warriors? The Origins, Activities, and Legacy of the Smithsonianās Institute of Social Anthropology
International research collaboration is increasingly popular, providing many scholarly and practical benefits. These collaborative endeavors also encounter obstacles and costs, including ones involving issues of power and professional ethics. My study seeks to widen our understanding of international collaborative social science research by examining the complex origins, diverse activities, and clouded legacy of the Smithsonian Institutionās Institute of Social Anthropology (ISA). The ISA was an innovative collaborative teaching and research program founded by Julian Steward during World War II to meet many goals, including increasing social science capacity in Latin America, expanding knowledge about contemporary cultural change, strengthening area expertise among U.S. scholars, and promoting closer relations among the peoples of the Americas. The ISA provided career-enhancing opportunities for U.S. and Latin American scholars, while helping to pioneer applied medical anthropology. I take issue with recent analysts who portray the ISA as promoting, including through covert research, U.S. hegemonic interests seeking to control rural Latin America
Spectroscopic Analysis in the Virtual Observatory Environment with SPLAT-VO
SPLAT-VO is a powerful graphical tool for displaying, comparing, modifying
and analyzing astronomical spectra, as well as searching and retrieving spectra
from services around the world using Virtual Observatory (VO) protocols and
services. The development of SPLAT-VO started in 1999, as part of the Starlink
StarJava initiative, sometime before that of the VO, so initial support for the
VO was necessarily added once VO standards and services became available.
Further developments were supported by the Joint Astronomy Centre, Hawaii until
2009. Since end of 2011 development of SPLAT-VO has been continued by the
German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory, and the Astronomical Institute of the
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. From this time several new features
have been added, including support for the latest VO protocols, along with new
visualization and spectra storing capabilities. This paper presents the history
of SPLAT-VO, it's capabilities, recent additions and future plans, as well as a
discussion on the motivations and lessons learned up to now.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Computin
Direct perturbations of aggregate excess demand
We establish that an exchange economy, i.e., preferences and endowments, that generates a giiven aggregate excess demand (AED) function is close to the economy generating the AED obtained by an arbitrary perturbation of the original one.Arrow-Debreu, transversality, exchange economy.
Existence and Uniqueness for a Variational Hyperbolic System without Resonance
In this paper, we study the existence of weak solutions of the problem
ā”u + āG(u) = f(t,x) ; (t,x) Ń Ī© ā” (0,Ļ)x(0,Ļ)
u(t,x) = 0 ; (t,x) Ń āĪ©
where ā” is the wave operator ā2/āt2 - ā2/āx2, G: RnāR is a function of class C2 such that āG(0) = 0 and f:ĪāR^n is a continuous function having first derivative with respect to t in (L2,(Ī©))n and satisfying
f(0,x) = f(Ļ,x) = 0
for all x Ń [0,Ļ]
- ā¦