Interrelations among child mortality, breastfeeding, and fertility in Egypt, 1975-80

This report examines the relationship between reproductive behavior and child survivalin Egypt. The relationship is of fundamental importance to an understanding of demographic dynamics and for the formulation of population policies. Using Egyptian data from 1975-80, it was found that weaning children in infancy increases ths risk of death for children under five. Early weaning is responsible for up to 29 percent of Egyptian children's deaths. Children whose mothers become pregnant again are more likely to die if the pregnancy begins while the child is still an infant. Ending breastfeeding is responsible for up to 41 percent of pregnancies - 52 percent among women who do not use contraceptives. Breastfeeding lasts an average of 17 to 18 months in Egypt, so policy probably should not encourage all women to breastfeed longer, but women who breastfeed for only short periods should probably be encouraged to breastfeed longer. Parents should be encouraged to be more careful about childcare and children's diet and hygiene after weaning. An important feature of this analysis is that fertility was examined simultaneously with child survival and breastfeeding, as three components of a system. The analysis involved regression models for the hazard, or risk, of three events occurring after a live birth: another pregnancy, weaning, or the death of the child.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Early Child and Children's Health,Adolescent Health,Gender and Health,Reproductive Health

Inter-relations between Political and Demographic Change in the 20th Century

Research project funded in academic year 2008-09The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Global demographic change since 1950 has been the most rapid in human history. Fertility rates in the most populous regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America have fallen to half and mortality rates have fallen to a quarter of their post-World War II levels. In this project, Casterline is undertaking a comprehensive study of the relationship between political factors and demographic dynamics across all major countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America from 1950 to 2000.Mershon Center for International Security StudiesProject summar

Examining the predictive value of fertility preferences among Ghanaian women

Despite extensive research, doubts remain regarding the degree of correspondence between prior stated fertility preferences and subsequent fertility behavior. Preference instability is a factor that potentially undermines predictiveness. Furthermore, if other predictors of fertility substantially explain fertility, then knowledge of preferences may contribute little to explaining or predicting individual fertility behavior. In this study, we examined these aspects of the study of individual fertility preference-behavior consistency. Using a prospective multi-wave panel dataset, we modeled the monthly likelihood of conception, taking into account the dynamic nature of preferences, and controlling for changing reproductive life cycle factors and stable socioeconomic background predictors of fertility. We demonstrate from a sample of fecund married Ghanaian women that fertility preferences retain independent predictive power in the model predicting the likelihood of conception.fertility, fertility intentions, fertility preference, Ghana, Sub-Saharan Africa

Integrated metal transistor leads

Technique that makes the metal leads integral to the transistor wafer and reduces capacitance in the device, thereby increasing its efficiency is outlined

Demographic Change in the Arab Region and Its Sociopolitical Implications

Streaming audio requires RealPlayer.The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.John Casterline is Senior Associate, Policy Research Division of the Population Council and has held positions at Brown University (1988-94) and the World Fertility Survey in London, U.K. Most of his research focuses on reproductive behavior, recently with a focus on diffusion models of fertility change, the causes of unmet need for family planning, and demographic transition in the Arab region. He has conducted research in the Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Egypt, and Ghana. He currently serves on the Governing Council of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP] and the Specialist Panel on Social Science and Operations Research in Reproductive Health, WHO Strategic Programme Component on Social Sciences Research on Reproductive Health. He previously served on the IUSSP Committee on the Comparative Analysis of Fertility (1991-95), the Committee on Population of the National Academy of Sciences (1991-97), the Social Sciences and Population Study Section of the NIH (1991-95), Chair of the Publications Committee of the Population Association of America, and theOhio State University. Mershon Center for International Security StudiesEvent webpage, streaming audi

Factors influencing satisfaction with oral contraceptive pills and injectables among past users in Kenya.

This study examines factors associated with satisfaction with oral pills and injectables among past users in Kenya based on a baseline survey for the 2-year prospective longitudinal study Improving Measurement of Unintended Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Family Planning conducted in 2016. Married women aged 15-39 years were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that captured information on reproduction, contraceptive knowledge and beliefs and attitudes towards contraception in general and towards specific methods. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors that influenced satisfaction with oral pills and injectables among past users in one urban site (Nairobi slums) and one predominantly rural site (Homa Bay in western Kenya). Results showed that dissatisfaction with pills and injectables is common among past users in both rural and urban Kenya (ranging from 39% to 56%). The distinctive contribution of the study lies in its ability to relate method-specific beliefs to overall satisfaction. Perception of effectiveness, ease of use and safety for long-term use had statistically significant influences on satisfaction with pills in both urban and rural sites while partner's approval was only important in Nairobi. For injectables, the perception of safety for long-term use was significant in the urban but not the rural site. Unlike pills, the belief that members of a woman's social network had used a method and found it satisfactory was a particularly powerful influence on satisfaction (AOR=2.8 in rural and 3.2 in urban). Perception of accessibility and fears about infertility were not found to be statistically associated with satisfaction for either pills or injectables. Surprisingly, the effects of all perceived contraceptive attributes were the same for major socio-demographic strata of the populations. The findings underscore the need for targeted counselling and community-based communication interventions to address negative and erroneous perceptions about family planning methods

Method-Specific Attributes that Influence Choice of Future Contraception Among Married Women in Nairobi's Informal Settlements.

Despite an extensive evidence base on contraceptive method choice, it remains uncertain which factors are most influential in predisposing women toward certain methods and against others. This paper addresses this gap in knowledge by making use of rarely-measured perceptions about specific methods, perceived social network experience of methods, and women's own past experiences using specific methods. We draw on baseline data from the project, "Improving Measurement of Unintended Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Family Planning." Using conditional logit analysis, we ascertain which perceived method-specific attributes, including past experience of methods by women themselves and by their friends, predict preferred future contraceptive method among 317 women living in Nairobi slums who are using no method but intend to start in the next 12 months. Results show that satisfaction with past use, positive experience of use by a woman's social network, husband/partner's approval, lack of interference with menses, and perception of safety for long term use were all associated with choice of a future method

Effects of the Severity of Child Sexual Abuse and Perpetrator Relationship on College Females' Self-esteem

Child sexual abuse (CSA), perpetrator characteristics and self-esteem were studied using an extant data set comprised of a subsample of 177 college females. It was hypothesized that there would be a difference in the severity of CSA based on the identity of the perpetrators (i.e., other children, adults, or both children and adults) and the perpetrator relationship to the victim. Results indicated that the CSA was more severe among children who were abused by both a child and an adult. No significant results were found regarding the relationship of the perpetrator to the victim. The second hypothesis sought to determine if there were differences in CSA victims' levels of self-esteem based on perpetrator identity and relationship to the victim. No differences were found in levels of self-esteem based on identity of perpetrator or relationship to the victim. Attachment theory was used to discuss the effects of CSA on victims.M.S