Cryopreservation of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) semen using different freezing curves, straw sizes, and thawing rates

AbstractThe objective of this study was to verify the effect of different freezing curves, straw sizes, and thawing rates on the cryopreservation of collared peccary semen. Twelve ejaculates were obtained from captive adult males by electroejaculation, and evaluated for sperm motility, kinetic rating, viability, morphology, and functional membrane integrity. The ejaculates were diluted in a coconut water extender (ACP-116c) with egg yolk and glycerol, packaged into 0.25mL or 0.50mL plastic straws and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen following a slow (−10°C/min) or a fast (−40°C/min) freezing curve. After one week, samples were thawed at 37°C/1min or 70°C/8s and evaluated as reported for fresh semen, and also for kinematic parameters (computerized analysis). A significant decrease in sperm motility and kinetic rating was observed after glycerol addition at 5°C and also after thawing for all the treatments (P<0.05). Regarding post-thaw semen variables, no differences were verified between freezing curves when the same straw size and thawing rate were taken as reference (P>0.05). In general, values for sperm characteristics found after thawing at 37°C were better preserved than at 70°C (P<0.05), both in the use of 0.25mL or 0.50mL straws, which were similar for semen packaging (P>0.05). The evaluation of the kinematic parameters of sperm motility confirmed these results at values varying from 20% to 30% motile sperm for the samples thawed at 37°C, and values fewer than 12% motile sperm for samples thawed at 70°C (P<0.05). In conclusion, we recommend the use of a fast freezing curve that reduces the time spent on the cryopreservation of collared peccary semen, which could be packaged both in 0.25mL or 0.50mL straws, but the thawing should be conducted at 37°C/1min

Electromyographic Evaluation Of Masticatory Muscles At Rest And Maximal Intercuspal Positions Of The Mandible In Children With Sleep Bruxism

In adults, sleep bruxism (SB) may be related to reports of pain or fatigue in the muscles of mastication, resulting from multiple muscle contractions that occur during the night. In children, little is known about the consequences of this parafunction. Purpose: The objective was to compare the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the masseter and anterior portion of the temporalis muscles in children with and without SB; acquisitions were made at rest (RE) and in maximal intercuspal (MI) positions of the mandible. Methods: Twenty children with signs and symptoms of SB (mean age 7.20 years ± 0.52) and 20 controls without signs or symptoms of SB (mean age 7.40 years ± 0.50) were selected. The controls were matched to the type of occlusal morphology evaluated according to Björk et al. (Acta Odontol Scand 22:27-40, 1964). Muscle activity was measured with the mandible at RE, MI and maximal clenching with cotton roll (MC), on the left and right sides. Data from the RE and MI (mV) were normalized by calculating them as % MC. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: The subjects' age did not differ significantly between groups. EMG of temporalis muscle at RE differed between the right and left sides in both groups. There was no significant difference in EMG of masseter and temporalis muscles between groups.Conclusion: Children with SB showed no significant difference in EMG of masticatory muscles at RE and in MI positions of the mandible when compared with the control group. © 2014 European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry.154269274Ahlberg, K., Ahlberg, J., Könönen, M., Perceived orofacial pain and its associations with reported bruxism and insomnia symptoms in media personnel with or without irregular shift work (2005) Acta Odontol Scand., 63, pp. 213-217(2005) American Academy of Sleep Medicine: International classification of sleep disorders Westchester, , IL. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2Amorim, C.F., Giannasi, L.C., Ferreira, L.M., Behavior analysis of electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle in sleep bruxers (2010) J Bodyw Mov Ther., 14 (3), pp. 234-238Andrade, A.S., Gavião, M.B., De Rossi, M., Gameiro, G.H., Electromyographic activity and thickness of masticatory muscles in children with unilateral posterior crossbite (2009) Clin Anat., 22, pp. 200-206Areso, M.P., Giralt, M.T., Sainz, B., Occlusal disharmonies modulate central catecholaminergic activity in the rat (1999) J Dent Res., 78, pp. 1204-1213Bader, G., Lavigne, G., Sleep bruxism: an overview of an oromandibular sleep movement disorder. Review article (2000) Sleep Med Rev., 4, pp. 27-43Behr, M., Hahnel, S., Faltermeier, A., The two main theories on dental bruxism (2011) Ann Anat., 194 (2), pp. 216-219Björk, A., Krebs, A., Solow, B., A method for epidemiological registration of malocclusion (1964) Acta Odontol Scand, 22, pp. 27-40Bodéré, C., Téa, S.H., Giroux-Metges, M.A., Woda, A., Activity of masticatory muscles in subjects with different orofacial pain conditions (2005) Pain, 116, pp. 33-41Carra, M.C., Huynh, N., Morton, P., Prevalence and risk factors of sleep bruxism and wake-time tooth clenching in a 7- to 17-yr-old population (2011) Eur J Oral Sci., 119 (5), pp. 386-394Carlsson, G.E., Egermark, I., Magnusson, T., Predictors of bruxism, other oral parafunctions, and tooth wear over a 20-year follow-up period (2003) J Orofac Pain., 17, pp. 50-57Castelo, P.M., Gavião, M.B., Pereira, L.J., Bonjardim, L.R., Relationship between oral parafunctional/nutritive sucking habits and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in primary dentition (2005) Int J Paediatr Dent., 15, pp. 29-36Castelo, P.M., Barbosa, T.S., Gavião, M.B., Quality of life evaluation of children with sleep bruxism (2010) BMC Oral Health., 10, p. 16Ciavarella, D., Monsurrò, A., Padricelli, G., Unilateral posterior crossbite in adolescents: surface electromyographic evaluation (2012) Eur J Paediatr Dent., 13 (1), pp. 25-28Cohen, J., A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales (1960) Educ Psychol Meas., 20, pp. 37-46Corvo, G., Tartaro, G., Giudice, A., Diomajuta, A., Distribution of craniomandibular disorders, occlusal factors and oral parafunctions in a paediatric population (2003) Eur J Paediatr Dent., 4 (2), pp. 84-88De Rossi, M., De Rossi, A., Hallak, J.E., Vitti, M., Regalo, S.C., Electromyographic evaluation in children having rapid maxillary expansion (2009) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 136, pp. 355-360Farella, M., Soneda, K., Vilmann, A., Thomsen, C.E., Bakke, M., Jaw muscle soreness after tooth-clenching depends on force level (2010) J Dent Res, 89 (7), pp. 717-721Ferini-Strambi, L., Pozzi, P., Manconi, M., Zucconi, M., Oldani, A., Bruxism and nocturnal groaning (2011) Arch Ital Biol., 149 (4), pp. 466-477Graven-Nielsen, T., Lund, H., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Danneskiold, B., Bliddal, H., Inhibition of maximal voluntary contraction force by experimental muscle paina centrally mediated mechanism (2002) Muscle Nerve, 26, pp. 708-712Jardini, R.S., Ruiz, L.S., Moysés, M.A., Electromyographic analysis of the masseter and buccinator muscles with the pro-fono facial exerciser use in bruxers (2006) Cranio., 24 (1), pp. 29-37Klasser, G.D., Greene, C.S., Lavigne, G.J., Oral appliances and the management of sleep bruxism in adults: a century of clinical applications and search for mechanisms (2010) Int J Prosthodont., 23 (5), pp. 453-462Kobayashi, F.Y., Furlan, N.F., Barbosa, T.S., Castelo, P.M., Gavião, M.B., Evaluation of masticatory performance and bite force in children with sleep bruxism (2012) J Oral Rehabil., 39 (10), pp. 776-784Koyano, K., Tsuliyama, Y., Ichiki, R., Kuwata, T., Assessment of bruxism in the clinic (2008) J Oral Rehabil., 35, pp. 495-508Lavigne, G.J., Huynh, N., Kato, T., Genesis of sleep bruxism: motor and autonomic cardiac interactions (2007) Arch Oral Biol., 52, pp. 381-384Lavigne, G.J., Khoury, S., Abe, S., Yamaguchi, T., Raphael, K., Bruxism physiology and pathology: an overview for clinicians (2008) J Oral Rehabil., 35 (7), pp. 476-494Li, X.L., Lin, X.F., Teng, W., Li, S.H., The characteristics of masticatory muscle activity in bruxers (2008) Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi., 26, pp. 640-643. , (Chinese)Lobbezoo, F., Naeije, M., Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally (2001) J Oral Rehabil., 28, pp. 1085-1091Lobbezoo, F., Rompre, P.H., Soucy, J.P., Lack of associations between occlusal and cephalometric measures, side imbalance in striatal D2 receptor binding, and sleep-related oromotor activities (2001) J Orofac Pain., 15, pp. 64-71Major, M., Rompré, P.H., Guitard, F., A controlled daytime challenge of motor performance and vigilance in sleep bruxers (1999) J Dent Res., 78, pp. 1754-1762Marklund, S., Wänman, A., Incidence and prevalence of myofascial pain in the jaw-face region. A one-year prospective study on dental students (2008) Acta Odontol Scand., 66 (2), pp. 113-121Pizolato, R.A., Gaviao, M.B.D., Berretin-Feliz, G., Sampaio, A.C.M., Trindade-Júnior, A.S., Maximal bite force in young adults with temporomandibular disorders and bruxism (2007) Braz Oral Res., 21, pp. 278-283Rodrigues-Bigaton, D., Berto, R., Oliveira, A.S., Bérzin, F., Does masticatory muscle hyperactivity occur in individuals presenting temporomandibular disorders? (2008) Braz J Oral Sci., 7 (24), pp. 1497-1501Serra-Negra, J.M., Paiva, S.M., Seabra, A.P., Prevalence of sleep bruxism in a group of Brazilian schoolchildren (2010) Eur Arch Paediatr Dent., 11 (4), pp. 192-195Silness, J., Johannessen, G., Roynstrand, T., Longitudinal relationship between incisal occlusion and incisal dental wear (1993) Acta Odontol Scand., 51, pp. 15-21Widmalm, S.F., Lee, Y.S., McKay, D.C., Clinical use of qualitative electromyography in the evaluation of jaw muscle function: a practitioner's guide (2007) Cranio., 25, pp. 63-7

Characteristics Of Salivary Secretion In Normal-weight, Overweight And Obese Children: A Preliminary Study: Salivary Composition And Excessive Fat Tissue

Information on salivary characteristics of young subjects with different body composition is scarce. Thus, the aim of this pilot study was to assess salivary characteristics of normal-weight, overweight and obese children. This is a basic research design in which 68 children (5-12 years) were recruited and anthropometric measurements consisted of body mass index (BMI = Kg/m2), body perimeters (waist/arm circumferences) and subcutaneous fat tissue (triceps/subscapular thicknesses). Stimulated (SS) and unstimulated morning saliva (US) were collected to determine flow rate, pH and triglycerides, urea, alpha-amylase, total protein, phosphate and calcium concentrations. Data were analyzed using normality tests, t test/Wilcoxon, one-way ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's/Spearman's correlation tests, where appropriate. Results: Age, household income, parents' education, saliva flow and pH did not differ among groups. Waist circumference and subscapular skinfold differed significantly between normal-weight and obese groups; only waist circumference showed significant correlation with BMI in all groups. pH increased significantly from US to SS in all groups; but flow rate increased from US to SS only in normal-weight and overweight groups. Total protein, amylase, urea, phosphate, triglyceride and calcium concentrations did not differ among groups. However, urea, phosphate and calcium concentrations differed significantly between US and SS in the normal-weight and overweight groups, with the lowest values for SS. In the overweight group, total protein also differed between saliva samples and obese group showed no difference in biochemical parameters between US and SS. Finally, some salivary characteristics may vary among normal-weight, overweight and obese children; thus, future studies in a larger sample are needed to fully understand salivary secretion and composition of these subjects. © 2013 The Society of The Nippon Dental University.1022318324Malamud, D., Rodriguez-Chavez, I.R., Saliva as a diagnostic fluid (2011) Dent Clin North Am, 55 (1), pp. 159-178Almståhl, A., Wikström, M., Electrolytes in stimulated whole saliva in individuals with hyposalivation of different origins (2003) Arch Oral Biol, 48 (5), pp. 337-344Farnaud, S.J., Kosti, O., Getting, S.J., Renshaw, D., Saliva: physiology and diagnostic potential in health and disease (2010) Sci World J, 16 (10), pp. 434-456Watanabe, S., Dawes, C., The effects of different foods and concentrations of citric acid on the flow rate of whole saliva in man (1988) Arch Oral Biol, 33 (1), pp. 1-5Valdez, I.H., Fox, P.C., Interactions of the salivary and gastrointestinal systems II. 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A study on the role of nutritional factors (2006) Med Wieku Rozwoj, 10 (1), pp. 3-191Drewnowski, A., Specter, S.E., Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 79 (1), pp. 6-16Hashemipour, M., Soghrati, M., Malek Ahmadi, M., Soghrati, M., Anthropometric indices associated with dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents: a retrospective study in isfahan (2011) ARYA Atheroscler, 7 (1), pp. 31-39McCarthy, H.D., Jarrett, K.V., Crawley, H.F., The development of waist circumference percentiles in British children aged 5.0-16.9 y (2001) Eur J Clin Nutr, 55 (10), pp. 902-907Roopakala, M.S., Suresh, A., Ashtalakshmi, Srinath, Ashok, Giridhar, Anand, Silvia, W.D., Anthropometric measurements as predictors of intraabdominal fat thickness (2009) Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 53 (3), pp. 259-264Mehta, S.K., Richards, N., Lorber, R., Rosenthal, G.L., Abdominal obesity, waist circumference, body mass index, and echocardiographic measures in children and adolescents (2009) Congenit Heart Dis, 4 (5), pp. 338-347Gavião, M.B., van der Bilt, A., Salivary secretion and chewing: stimulatory effects from artificial and natural foods (2004) J Appl Oral Sci, 12 (2), pp. 159-163Pedersen, A.M., Bardow, A., Jensen, S.B., Nauntofte, B., Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion (2002) Oral Dis, 8 (3), pp. 117-129Alamoudi, N., Farsi, N., Faris, J., Masoud, I., Merdad, K., Meisha, D., Salivary characteristics of children and its relation to oral microorganism and lip mucosa dryness (2004) J Clin Pediatr Dent, 28 (3), pp. 239-248Wang, P.L., Shirasu, S., Shinohara, M., Murakawa, N., Endo, M., Sakata, S., Okamura, M., Ohura, K., Salivary amylase activity of rats fed a low calcium diet (1998) Jpn J Pharmacol, 78 (3), pp. 279-283López, M.E., Colloca, M.E., Páez, R.G., Schallmach, J.N., Koss, M.A., Chervonagura, A., Salivary characteristics of diabetic children (2003) Braz Dent J, 14 (1), pp. 26-31De Oliveira, C.G., Collares, E.F., Barbieri, M.A., Fernandes, M.I., Production and concentration of saliva and salivary amylase in obese children (1997) Arq Gastroenterol, 34 (2), pp. 105-111Karhunen, L.J., Lappalainen, R.I., Tammela, L., Turpeinen, A.K., Uusitupa, M.I., Subjective and physiological cephalic phase responses to food in obese binge-eating women (1997) Int J Eat Disord, 21 (4), pp. 321-328Moreira, A.R., Passos, I.A., Sampaio, F.C., Soares, M.S., Oliveira, R.J., Flow rate, pH and calcium concentration of saliva of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2009) Braz J Med Biol Res, 42 (8), pp. 707-711Edgar, M., Dawes, C., O'Mullane, D., (2004) Saliva and Oral Health, , 3rd edn., London: British Dental AssociationRohleder, N., Wolf, J.M., Maldonado, E.F., Kirschbaum, C., The psychosocial stress-induced increase in salivary alpha-amylase is independent of saliva flow rate (2006) Psychophysiology, 43 (6), pp. 645-65

Avaliação in vitro do sêmen criopreservado de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania sp.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade in vitro do sêmen criopreservado de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania sp. Foram coletadas amostras de sêmen de 12 cães, sendo seis positivos (GI) e seis negativos (GII) para leishmaniose visceral (LV), semanalmente, totalizando quatro coletas por animal. O sêmen criopreservado foi avaliado pelo teste de termorresistência rápida (TTR), nos tempos zero, 30 e 60 minutos, pela análise computadorizada (CASA) e por meio de sondas fluorescentes; esta última técnica com o intuito de avaliar a integridade das membranas espermáticas. Houve diferença estatística pela técnica de TTR no parâmetro motilidade progressiva, no tempo 0min (68,33% GI e 72,50% GII), e no vigor espermático (2,67 GI e 3,0 GII), no tempo 30min. Quanto ao CASA, houve diferença estatística apenas na motilidade total (27,50% GI e 57,08% GII), embora os demais parâmetros seminais tenham apresentado valores relativos diminuídos nos cães do GI. Nas análises com sondas fluorescentes, foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos quanto à integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal e ao potencial mitocondrial das células espermáticas. Concluiu-se que a LV pode comprometer a qualidade do sêmen criopreservado de cães parasitados