Translational research: A concept emerged from health sciences and exportable to education sciences

The objective of this paper was to analyze the concept and evolution of translational research in order to explore if it can be used in fields other than health sciences such as higher education. A mini review was conducted using Medline as a main source for identifying papers. We selected papers that appeared to be relevant according to our objective. Data extraction of these papers was made by summarizing documents using short textual descriptions. Search results yielded 1186 papers, 28 of which were finally selected for the mini review. The main aim of translational research is bridging the know do gap. Several multiphase models have been identified. The first described model had two phases (T1, T2) but there are models with three (T1-T3) or four phases (T1-T4). However, regardless of the model used, three main gaps exist that can be placed in the knowledge chain underpinning translational research. Translational research could be seen as a bidirectional bridge connecting the laboratory to practice either in health or in education. Its interdisciplinary back and forth ultimately contributes to improved health or education outcomes. This improvement can be achieved if the three gaps of the knowledge chain are overcome. Namely, these gaps are located: (1) between the discovery of new knowledge and dissemination to potential users of that knowledge; (2) between knowledge dissemination to potential users and its routine application to health or education practice; and (3) between clinical or educational practice and improvement of health or education outcomes.L'objectiu d'aquest treball va ser analitzar el concepte i l'evolució de la investigació translacional per tal d'explorar si es pot utilitzar en altres àmbits a part de les ciències de la salut com ara l'educació superior.El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el concepto y la evolución de la investigación translacional para explorar si se puede utilizar en otros ámbitos aparte de las ciencias de la salud como la educación superior

Planificación y evaluación de objetivos sanitarios, febrero 2013

Recurs d'aprenentatge de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.Recurso de aprendizaje de la "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya".Learning material of the "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya"

Ingreso hospitalario de los recién nacidos según el origen étnico y el país de procedencia de los progenitores en una área urbana de Barcelona Hospital admission in newborns according to ethnicity and parents' country of origin in an urban area of Barcelona (Spain)

Objetivo: El aumento continuado de la inmigración ha ocasionado un incremento de la natalidad a expensas de este grupo de población. El origen étnico y el nivel socioeconómico pueden ser factores que condicionen las diferencias de salud maternoinfantil. El objetivo fue conocer si hay diferencias en los diagnósticos neonatales según el origen étnico de los progenitores. Métodos: Estudio transversal retrospectivo de los recién nacidos vivos en el Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) entre 2003 y 2005. Las variables estudiadas fueron: riesgo de ingresar, categorías diagnósticas y grupo étnico de los progenitores. Resultados: El 46,7% de los 2.118 recién nacidos eran inmigrantes (mayoritariamente de Centroamérica y Sudamérica) y el 6,4% gitanos. En más del 60% de los 1.445 recién nacidos ingresados, la categoría diagnóstica más frecuente fue el riesgo o la sospecha de infección. Los recién nacidos no autóctonos y gitanos tuvieron más riesgo de embarazo poco o no controlado (odds ratio [OR] = 2,58; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,76-3,77, y OR = 5,84; IC95%: 3,45-9,90, respectivamente). Los recién nacidos no autóctonos tuvieron menos riesgo de bajo peso al nacimiento (OR = 0,17; IC95%: 0,03-0,90) y consumo materno de tóxicos (OR = 0,12; IC95%: 0,03-0,44). Conclusiones: Las diferencias en las categorías diagnósticas en los recién nacidos no autóctonos y gitanos, comparados con los autóctonos, no se deben a enfermedades importadas o a diferente carga genética, sino que posiblemente son consecuencia del entorno social y cultural de la gestante. Sería necesario reforzar y promover el uso de medidas preventivas de salud, así como mejorar el acceso y la calidad de la asistencia a estas mujeres y sus hijos.Objective: The birth rate in Spain has increased due to the continuous rise in the number of immigrants. Ethnic origin and socioeconomic position can be determining factors in differences in maternal and child health. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible existence of differences in neonatal diagnoses according to parental ethnic origin. Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of all live newborns delivered in Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) between 2003 and 2005. The variables studied were risk of admission, diagnostic classes, and parental ethnic group. Results: Of the 2118 newborns included in this study, 46.7% were of immigrant origin (mainly from Central and South America) and 6.4% were gypsies. More than 60% of the 1445 admitted newborns were included in the diagnostic class of risk or suspicion of infection. The risk of pregnancy with little or no prenatal care was higher in non-native and gypsy newborns (OR = 2.58; 95%CI: 1.76-3.77, and OR = 5.84; 95%CI: 3.45-9.90, respectively). The risk of low birth weight and maternal drug use were lower in non-native newborns (OR = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.03-0.90, and OR = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.03-0.44, respectively). Conclusions: Differences in non-native and gypsy newborns compared with native newborns are not due to imported or genetic diseases but are probably due to differences in the social and cultural environment during pregnancy. Preventive measures should be promoted and reinforced and access to and the quality of primary care should be improved in these mothers and their infants

Catalunya i Espanya (I)

Podeu consultar el volum (II) a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/171999 i el volum (III) a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/172274Des de fa un temps, la societat catalana viu immersa en el debat sobre quin ha de ser l’encaix de Catalunya a l’Estat espanyol, i les diferents posicions s’han polaritzat per la complexitat d’un moment polític marcat pels esdeveniments dels darrers anys. En aquest context, la col·lecció Debats UB neix amb l’objectiu d’aportar una visió acadèmica a les qüestions que més preocupen la ciutadania, així com elements d’anàlisi que fomentin la reflexió col·lectiva. Aquest primer volum recull les aportacions de nou autors vinculats a diferents universitats que analitzen les relacions entre Catalunya i Espanya des de posicions ideològiques diverses, i guiats pel compromís amb el diàleg, la llibertat, el respecte i l’honestedat intel·lectual

Catalunya i Espanya

Aquest volum recull les aportacions de nou autors vinculats a diferents universitats que analitzen les relacions entre Catalunya i Espanya des deposicions ideològiques diverses, i guiats pel compromís amb el diàleg, la llibertat, el respecte i l’honestedat intellectual.Sessió inaugural -- Cataluña en la España del siglo -- El compromiso político del pensamiento en la sociedades plurales. Una reflexión sobre el conflicto catalán -- Primera sessió: Reflexió històrica al voltant d´unes relacions complexes -- El fracàs d´un projecte unitari: una perspectiva històrica -- Catalunya-Espanya durant el segle -- Juegos de nacionalismos con Cataluña al fondo -- Catalunya i Espanya, 1469-1716: dinàmiques polítiques en una monarquia composta -- Segona sessió: Els factors econòmics i financers en la relació entre Catalunya i Espanya -- Consideraciones sobre la financiación y el déficit fiscal -- Les relacions econòmiques i financeres entre Catalunya -- Estructures de realitat i conflicte Espanya-Catalunya: per a un nou model territoria

Emergency department admissions and economic costs burden related to ambulatory care sensitive conditions in older adults living in care homes

Este trabajo se llevó a cabo dentro del programa de doctorado en Metodología de Investigación Biomédica y Salud Pública de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.Objectives: To assess the frequency of emergency department admissions (EDAs) for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) and non-ACSC among older adults living in care homes (CH), to describe and compare their demographic and clinical characteristics, the outcomes of the hospitalization process and the associated costs. Method: This multicenter, retrospective and observational study evaluated 2444 EDAs of older adults ≥65 years old living in care homes in five emergency departments in Catalonia (Spain) by ACSC and non-ACSC, in 2017. Sociodemographic variables, prior functional and cognitive status, and information on diagnosis and hospitalization were collected. Additionally, the costs related with the EDAs were calculated, as well as a sensitivity analysis using different assumptions of decreased admissions due to ACSC. Results: A total of 2444 ED admissions were analyzed. The patients' mean (SD) age was 85.9 (7.2) years. The frequency of ACSC-EDA and non-ACSC-EDA was 56.6% and 43.4%, respectively. Severe dependency and cognitive impairment were present in 56.6% and 78%, respectively, with no differences between the two groups. The three most frequent ACSC were falls/trauma (13.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma (11.4%) and urinary tract infection (7.4%). The average cost per ACSC-EDA was €1408.24. Assuming a 60% reduction of ACSC-EDA, the estimated cost savings would be €1.2 million. Conclusions: Emergency admissions for ACSC from care homes have a significant impact on both frequency and costs. Reducing these conditions through targeted interventions could redirect the avoided costs toward improving care support in residential settings