Adaptive resistance is not responsible for long-term drug resistance in a cellular model of triple negative breast cancer

Resistance to cancer therapeutics represents a leading cause of mortality and is particularly important in cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer, for which no targeted therapy is available, as these are only treated with traditional chemotherapeutics. Cancer, as well as bacterial, drug resistance can be intrinsic, acquired or adaptive. Adaptive cancer drug resistance is gaining attention as a mechanism for the generation of long-term drug resistance as is the case with bacterial antibiotic resistance. We have used a cellular model of triple negative breast cancer (CAL51) and its drug resistance derivative (CALDOX) to gain insight into genome-wide expression changes associated with long-term doxorubicin (a widely used anthracycline for cancer treatment) resistance and doxorubicin-induced stress. Previous work indicates that both naïve and resistance cells have a functional p53-p21 axis controlling cell cycle at G1, although this is not a driver for drug resistance, but down-regulation of TOP2A (topoisomerase IIα). As expected, CALDOX cells have a signature characterized, in addition to down-regulation of TOP2A, by genes and pathways associated with drug resistance, metastasis and stemness. Both CAL51 and CALDOX stress signatures share 12 common genes (TRIM22, FAS, SPATA18, SULF2, CDKN1A, GDF15, MYO6, CXCL5, CROT, EPPK1, ZMAT3 and CD44), with roles in the above-mentioned pathways, indicating that these cells have similar functional responses to doxorubicin relaying on the p53 control of apoptosis. Eight genes are shared by both drug stress signatures (in CAL51 and CALDOX cells) and CALDOX resistant cells (FAS, SULF2, CDKN1A, CXCL5, CD44, SPATA18, TRIM22 and CROT), many of them targets of p53. This corroborates experimental data indicating that CALDOX cells, even in the absence of drug, have activated, at least partially, the p53-p21 axis and DNA damage response. Although this eight-gene signature might be an indicator of adaptive resistance, as this transient phenomenon due to short-term stress may not revert to its original state upon withdrawal of the stressor, previous experimental data indicates that the p53-p21 axis is not responsible for doxorubicin resistance. Importantly, TOP2A is not responsive to doxorubicin treatment and thus absent in both drug stress signatures. This indicates that during the generation of doxorubicin resistance, cells acquire genetic changes likely to be random, leading to down regulation of TOP2A, but selected during the generation of cells due to the presence of drug in the culture medium. This poses a considerable constraint for the development of strategies aimed at avoiding the emergence of drug resistance in the clinic

Changes in nutrient composition and gene expression in growing mealworms (Tenebrio molitor)

Insects are of high interest as a sustainable source of nutrients to be included in the food production system. The larvae of Tenebrio molitor, commonly known as yellow mealworms (MW), have a high protein content, which means potential applications in the animal feed and human food sectors. However, previous reports have shown considerable variability in the nutrient composition of mealworms, which may in part, be due to harvesting at different developmental stages. A better understanding of the regulation of composition during development would potentially facilitate future attempts to manipulate nutrient content, perhaps through gene editing, to maximize commercial value. In the present study, mealworms were harvested at various time points within a 24 day period leading up to the start of pupation. At the earliest time points (between days −24 and −17), a 44% increase in fat content was seen, which was maintained throughout the rest of development. By day −12, protein content fell by 12%, a change that was also maintained. Throughout development there was a change in fatty acid composition, with a shift from oleic acid being the major fatty acid at day −24, to linoleic acid being predominant at later time points. In an attempt to better understand the genetic basis of these changes, an analysis of the transcriptome was undertaken. In the absence of a specific annotated genome for the mealworm, an Affymetrix GeneChip microarray for Drosophila was utilized. The hybridisation of RNA extracted from five developmental stages (larvae and pupae) showed differential gene expression; and some potential orthologs were identified which may be involved in regulating nutrient composition during development. However, we were unable to identify a significant proportion of the most highly regulated genes, highlighting the need for a fully annotated mealworm genome

Evaluación de la transferencia metálica y estabilidad del proceso GMAW

The metal transfer, as a particularity of the process with consumable electrodes, has a direct influence on different aspects of the welding process. Hence, the operation performance is affected by the quantity of spatter and mostly, in the stability where the electrical phenomena happen. This work established a methodology to compare techniques for the definition of stability in the forms of metal transfer presented in the GMAW process. For that, welding tests were carried out in the flat position, establishing parameters, and modifying the voltage between a range of 14 to 32 V. In addition, it was analyzed the behavior of the process using histograms, stability indicators, and weld bead geometry characterization. As a result, high process instability and splashing of low voltages were obtained, improving these conditions for higher voltages. In conclusion, the best conditions for the welding process are established at the point with the highest frequency of short circuits, exhibiting a minimum of spatter and the best welding bead.La transferencia metálica, como particularidad del proceso con electrodos consumibles, ejerce influencia directa sobre variados aspectos del proceso de soldadura; de este modo, el desempeño operacional de la técnica se ve afectado por un mayor o menor nivel de salpicaduras y, en general, por la estabilidad con que los fenómenos eléctricos ocurren. En el presente artículo fue establecida una metodología que permitió comparar técnicas para la definición de la estabilidad, en los tipos de transferencia metálica presentados en el proceso GMAW. Para esto, se realizaron ensayos de soldadura en la posición plana, estableciendo parámetros y variando el voltaje entre un rango de 14 a 32 V. Además, fue analizado el comportamiento del proceso, mediante el uso de histogramas, índices de estabilidad y la caracterización de la geometría del cordón. Como resultado, se obtuvo alta inestabilidad del proceso y salpicaduras en bajas tensiones, mejorando estas condiciones para las tensiones más altas. En conclusión, en el punto de mayor frecuencia de cortos circuitos se establecen las mejores condiciones para el proceso de soldadura, exhibiendo un mínimo de salpicaduras y el cordón de soldadura con mejor formato.&nbsp

VOLUMEN 24, NÚMERO 39 (2002)

ESTUDIO DEL PROCESO DE REHIDRATACIÓN DE LAS ROCAS METAMÓRFICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ A PARTIR DEL ANÁLISIS COMPOSICIONAL DE LA CLORITA, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.; Castellanos Alarcón, O. M.DETERMINACIÓN DE PALEOTEMPERATURAS EN LA CUENCA CRETÁCICA DE CAMEROS (LA RIOJA, ESPAÑA), A PARTIR DEL ESTUDIO DE CLORITAS. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.FALLAS LONGITUDINALES Y TRANSVERSALES EN LA SABANA DE BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA. Velandia Patiño, F. A.; De Bermoudes, O.ESTUDIO GEOQUÍMICO DE ELEMENTOS DE TIERRAS RARAS (REE) EN LAS FLUORITAS DE LAS MINAS PALESTINA (MUNICIPIO DE CEPITÁ) Y EL LLANITO (MUNICIPIO DE LOS SANTOS) EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE SANTANDER: APORTE AL CONOCIMIENTODEL MODELO GENÉTICO. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Mesa, A.CONDICIONES GEOLÓGICAS FAVORABLES DE LAS SEDIMENTITAS CRETÁCICAS DE LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL DE COLOMBIA PARA LA EXISTENCIA DE DEPÓSITOS EXHALATIVOS SUBMARINOS DE PLOMO Y ZINC. Sarmiento Rojas, L. F.VISUALIZACIÓN EN TRES DIMENSIONES, LOS MAPAS DE AMENAZA VOLCÁNICA EDUCAN AL CIUDADANO COMÚN. Villegas, H.CÁLCULO DE LA PROBABILIDAD ABSOLUTA DE UNA NUEVA ERUPCIÓN EN LA ISLA DE ISCHIA (ITALIA). Mattera, M.EVALUACIÓN DEL RIESGO VOLCÁNICO EN LA ISLA DE ISCHIA (ITALIA). Mattera, M.METODOLOGÍA PARA LA DEFINICIÓN, EVALUACIÓN Y VALORACIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO GEOLOGICO Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA GEOMORFOLOGÍA GLACIAR DE SANTANDER (MUNICIPIO DE VETAS). Colegial, J. D.; Pisciotti, G.; Uribe, E

VOLUMEN 24, NÚMERO 39 (2002)

ESTUDIO DEL PROCESO DE REHIDRATACIÓN DE LAS ROCAS METAMÓRFICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ A PARTIR DEL ANÁLISIS COMPOSICIONAL DE LA CLORITA, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.; Castellanos Alarcón, O. M.DETERMINACIÓN DE PALEOTEMPERATURAS EN LA CUENCA CRETÁCICA DE CAMEROS (LA RIOJA, ESPAÑA), A PARTIR DEL ESTUDIO DE CLORITAS. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.FALLAS LONGITUDINALES Y TRANSVERSALES EN LA SABANA DE BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA. Velandia Patiño, F. A.; De Bermoudes, O.ESTUDIO GEOQUÍMICO DE ELEMENTOS DE TIERRAS RARAS (REE) EN LAS FLUORITAS DE LAS MINAS PALESTINA (MUNICIPIO DE CEPITÁ) Y EL LLANITO (MUNICIPIO DE LOS SANTOS) EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE SANTANDER: APORTE AL CONOCIMIENTODEL MODELO GENÉTICO. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Mesa, A.CONDICIONES GEOLÓGICAS FAVORABLES DE LAS SEDIMENTITAS CRETÁCICAS DE LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL DE COLOMBIA PARA LA EXISTENCIA DE DEPÓSITOS EXHALATIVOS SUBMARINOS DE PLOMO Y ZINC. Sarmiento Rojas, L. F.VISUALIZACIÓN EN TRES DIMENSIONES, LOS MAPAS DE AMENAZA VOLCÁNICA EDUCAN AL CIUDADANO COMÚN. Villegas, H.CÁLCULO DE LA PROBABILIDAD ABSOLUTA DE UNA NUEVA ERUPCIÓN EN LA ISLA DE ISCHIA (ITALIA). Mattera, M.EVALUACIÓN DEL RIESGO VOLCÁNICO EN LA ISLA DE ISCHIA (ITALIA). Mattera, M.METODOLOGÍA PARA LA DEFINICIÓN, EVALUACIÓN Y VALORACIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO GEOLOGICO Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA GEOMORFOLOGÍA GLACIAR DE SANTANDER (MUNICIPIO DE VETAS). Colegial, J. D.; Pisciotti, G.; Uribe, E

Experiments of an IoT-based wireless sensor network for flood monitoring in Colima, Mexico

Urban flooding is one of the major issues in many parts of the world, and its management is often challenging. One of the challenges highlighted by the hydrology and related communities is the need for more open data and monitoring of floods in space and time. In this paper, we present the development phases and experiments of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based wireless sensor network for hydrometeorological data collection and flood monitoring for the urban area of Colima-Villa de Álvarez in Mexico. The network is designed to collect fluvial water level, soil moisture and weather parameters that are transferred to the server and to a web application in real-time using IoT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol over 3G and Wi-Fi networks. The network is tested during three different events of tropical storms that occurred over the area of Colima during the 2019 tropical cyclones season. The results show the ability of the smart water network to collect real-time hydrometeorological information during extreme events associated with tropical storms. The technology used for data transmission and acquisition made it possible to collect information at critical times for the city. Additionally, the data collected provided essential information for implementing and calibrating hydrological models and hydraulic models to generate flood inundation maps and identify critical infrastructure

VOLUMEN 25, NÚMERO 40 (2003)

TERMOCRONOLOGÍA K-Ar EN ILLITAS: ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.CINÉTICA DE LA NUCLEACIÓN Y EL CRECIMIENTO DEL GRANATE EN LAS ROCAS METAPELÍTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C., Gélvez Llanes, J., Márquez Romero, R. y Castellanos Alarcón, O.INTRODUCCIÓN A LA GEOLOGÍA DEL SECTOR VÉLEZ–BOLÍVAR–GUAVATÁ (DPTO. DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA) Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA EXPLORACIÓN DE DEPÓSITOSHIDROTERMALES. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Cruz G. L. E.; Colegial G. J. D.RECOGNITION OF ANCIENT SHOREFACE DEPOSITS. FACIES, FACIES SUCESSIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS. AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CRETACEOUS GALLUP CLASTIC WEDGE, NEW MÉXICO. Álvarez Bastos, MNUEVAS EVIDENCIAS ACERCA DE LA PRESENCIA DE UNA BANDA DE CIZALLAMIENTO EN LA SECUENCIA METAPELÍTICA DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, SECTOR ARATOCA-PESCADERO (REGION SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.; Gélvez Llanes, J. R.; Márquez Romero, R. E.; Ordóñez Calderón, J. C.; Cepeda Espitia, S.LOS DELIRIOS: UN YACIMIENTO HIDROTERMAL DE ORO Y PLATA EN LA REGIÓN DE VETAS, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA). García Ramírez, C. A., Uribe Portilla, E.MINERALOGÍA, GEOQUÍMICA Y ALGUNOS ASPECTOS GENÉTICOS DE LA MINA EL DIAMANTE - NARIÑO (COLOMBIA). Molano, J.C. and Shimazaki, H.COMPARATIVE FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES OF THE SAN MARTÍN SKARN (MÉXICO) AND THE EPITHERMAL COMSTOCK LODE (USA) AND PACHUCA-REAL DEL MONTE (MÉXICO) DEPOSITS. Campos Álvarez, N. O

VOLUMEN 25, NÚMERO 40 (2003)

TERMOCRONOLOGÍA K-Ar EN ILLITAS: ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.CINÉTICA DE LA NUCLEACIÓN Y EL CRECIMIENTO DEL GRANATE EN LAS ROCAS METAPELÍTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C., Gélvez Llanes, J., Márquez Romero, R. y Castellanos Alarcón, O.INTRODUCCIÓN A LA GEOLOGÍA DEL SECTOR VÉLEZ–BOLÍVAR–GUAVATÁ (DPTO. DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA) Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA EXPLORACIÓN DE DEPÓSITOSHIDROTERMALES. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Cruz G. L. E.; Colegial G. J. D.RECOGNITION OF ANCIENT SHOREFACE DEPOSITS. FACIES, FACIES SUCESSIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS. AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CRETACEOUS GALLUP CLASTIC WEDGE, NEW MÉXICO. Álvarez Bastos, MNUEVAS EVIDENCIAS ACERCA DE LA PRESENCIA DE UNA BANDA DE CIZALLAMIENTO EN LA SECUENCIA METAPELÍTICA DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, SECTOR ARATOCA-PESCADERO (REGION SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.; Gélvez Llanes, J. R.; Márquez Romero, R. E.; Ordóñez Calderón, J. C.; Cepeda Espitia, S.LOS DELIRIOS: UN YACIMIENTO HIDROTERMAL DE ORO Y PLATA EN LA REGIÓN DE VETAS, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA). García Ramírez, C. A., Uribe Portilla, E.MINERALOGÍA, GEOQUÍMICA Y ALGUNOS ASPECTOS GENÉTICOS DE LA MINA EL DIAMANTE - NARIÑO (COLOMBIA). Molano, J.C. and Shimazaki, H.COMPARATIVE FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES OF THE SAN MARTÍN SKARN (MÉXICO) AND THE EPITHERMAL COMSTOCK LODE (USA) AND PACHUCA-REAL DEL MONTE (MÉXICO) DEPOSITS. Campos Álvarez, N. O

Current status of the multinational Arabidopsis community

The multinational Arabidopsis research community is highly collaborative and over the past thirty years these activities have been documented by the Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee (MASC). Here, we (a) highlight recent research advances made with the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana; (b) provide summaries from recent reports submitted by MASC subcommittees, projects and resources associated with MASC and from MASC country representatives; and (c) initiate a call for ideas and foci for the “fourth decadal roadmap,” which will advise and coordinate the global activities of the Arabidopsis research community

Brevicoryne brassicae aphids interfere with transcriptome responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to feeding by Plutella xylostella caterpillars in a density‑dependent manner

Plants are commonly attacked by multiple herbivorous species. Yet, little is known about transcriptional patterns underlying plant responses to multiple insect attackers feeding simultaneously. Here, we assessed= transcriptomic responses of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to simultaneous feeding by Plutella xylostella caterpillars and Brevicoryne brassicae aphids in comparison to plants infested by P. xylostella caterpillars alone, using microarray analysis. We particularly investigated how aphid feeding interferes with the transcriptomic response to P. xylostella caterpillars and whether this interference is dependent on aphid density and time since aphid attack. Various JA-responsive genes were up-regulated in response to feeding by P. xylostella caterpillars. The additional presence of aphids, both at low and high densities, clearly affected the transcriptional plant response to caterpillars. Interestingly, some important modulators of plant defense signalling, including WRKY transcription factor genes and ABA-dependent genes, were differentially induced in response to simultaneous aphid feeding at low or high density compared with responses to P. xylostella caterpillars feeding alone. Furthermore, aphids affected the P. xylostella-induced transcriptomic response in a density dependent manner, which caused an acceleration in plant response against dual insect attack at high aphid density compared to dual insect attack at low aphid density. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that aphids influence the caterpillar-induced transcriptional response of A. thaliana in a density-dependent manner. It highlights the importance of addressing insect density to understand how plant responses to single attackers interfere with responses to other attackers and thus underlines the importance of the dynamics of transcriptional plant responses to multiple herbivory