Effect of turbulence on electron cyclotron current drive and heating in ITER

Non-linear local electromagnetic gyrokinetic turbulence simulations of the ITER standard scenario H-mode are presented for the q=3/2 and q=2 surfaces. The turbulent transport is examined in regions of velocity space characteristic of electrons heated by electron cyclotron waves. Electromagnetic fluctuations and sub-dominant micro-tearing modes are found to contribute significantly to the transport of the accelerated electrons, even though they have only a small impact on the transport of the bulk species. The particle diffusivity for resonant passing electrons is found to be less than 0.15 m^2/s, and their heat conductivity is found to be less than 2 m^2/s. Implications for the broadening of the current drive and energy deposition in ITER are discussed.Comment: Letter, 5 pages, 5 figures, for submission to Nuclear Fusio

What really matters about teacher education at Cathedrals Group Universities: volume 1 final report

An investigation into [perceptions of] the features of Christian foundation universities’ Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programmes that are particular to the university’s Christian foundation. We are grateful to the Cathedrals Group of Universities and Colleges, for funding the first stage of this project and the Church of England University and College Fund for funding the second stage, through grant funding. This report contains the outcomes of the research which took place between November 2016 and January 2018. A separate document, What really matters about teacher education at Cathedrals Group universities and college? Volume 2: The Case Studies, provides profiles of the findings from the five different institutions. This is the substantive report. The aims: 1. To investigate why ITE trainees choose Christian foundation university teacher training programmes 2. To investigate why schools choose Christian foundation universities as training programme partners 3. To investigate what Christian foundation universities claim is particular to their Christian foundation, what is particularly or deeply Christian about their ITE provision with a focus on: • the underpinning values • the content and methodology of ITE training • how trainees are supported and challenged in the partnership aspects 4. To investigate what Christian foundation universities, ITE trainees and partnership schools claim about ITE trainees at the point of qualification, that is particular to the institutions’ Christian foundation

An invariant of smooth 4-manifolds

We define a diffeomorphism invariant of smooth 4-manifolds which we can estimate for many smoothings of R^4 and other smooth 4-manifolds. Using this invariant we can show that uncountably many smoothings of R^4 support no Stein structure. (Gompf has constructed uncountably many smoothings of R^4 which do support Stein structures.) Other applications of this invariant are given.Comment: 19 pages. Published copy, also available at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol1/paper6.abs.htm

Performance of Large-Volume, Mean-Timed Neutron Detectors

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grants NSF PHY 78-22774 A03, NSF PHY 81-14339, and by Indiana Universit

Spiritual flourishing in the words of the child: A Faith in the Nexus study 2023

Since the pandemic, there has been widespread increased concern about children's spiritual well-being. [The pandemic] is a once in a generation opportunity to transform the wider education system around the child so that wellbeing is truly at the heart of the learning environment in schools. (Barnardo’s, 2020) [A] challenge faced by the child Jesus set in our midst is one of health and safety and especially mental, emotional, and spiritual health...COVID has revealed a tidal wave of mental health pressures on the young which has been building for decades. (Bishop Steven, Oxford Diocese) We know from previous NICER research , conducted before the pandemic that there is a need to pay attention to and nurture the spirituality of children for them to flourish. We also know that many adults have limited awareness of the importance of this nurture and do not fully appreciate what children need to flourish spiritually. Research has shown that Faith communities have the potential to be a vital source of a sense of belonging and support for the spiritual nurture of children and adults. We identified a need to research children's understanding of what contributes to their spiritual well-being within the church school community context

Prioritising a sense of belonging within the rural nexus: An empirical study of five rural church primary schools

The rural church primary school exists in a nexus of connections between school, home, and the institutional Church (parochial, diocesan, and national). This article applies Walker’s model of belonging to God through church to the sense of belonging expressed by families whose children attend a rural Church of England primary school. The data drawn from the Faith in the Nexus project undertaken at Canterbury Christ Church University, consists of 24 semi-structured focus group interviews, and 8 individual interviews with school and church leaders from parents, school staff, clergy, and governors across five rural Church of England primary schools. The findings highlight how rural church school families develop and sustain a sense of belonging through events, people, place, and activities. The discussion considers the value of Walker’s model of belonging, the fragility of the rural nexus and a need to acknowledge the relational nature of belonginess expressed by parents and pupils

Spiritual flourishing in the words of the child: Final report for young people: A Faith in the Nexus study 2023

Since the pandemic, there has been widespread increased concern about children's spiritual well-being. [The pandemic] is a once in a generation opportunity to transform the wider education system around the child so that wellbeing is truly at the heart of the learning environment in schools. (Barnardo’s, 2020) [A] challenge faced by the child Jesus set in our midst is one of health and safety and especially mental, emotional, and spiritual health...COVID has revealed a tidal wave of mental health pressures on the young which has been building for decades. (Bishop Steven, Oxford Diocese) We know from previous NICER research , conducted before the pandemic that there is a need to pay attention to and nurture the spirituality of children for them to flourish. We also know that many adults have limited awareness of the importance of this nurture and do not fully appreciate what children need to flourish spiritually. Research has shown that Faith communities have the potential to be a vital source of a sense of belonging and support for the spiritual nurture of children and adults. We identified a need to research children's understanding of what contributes to their spiritual well-being within the church school community context

Faith in the nexus: Church schools and children’s exploration of faith in the home: A NICER research study of twenty church primary schools in England

A nexus is a focus for connection, where multiple lines from different places come into relationship around a point of focus. In this project, the Nexus refers to the connections between church school, the local church, and the home. The Faith in the Nexus project aimed to reveal the influence of these connections in children’s developing spiritual life, and, specifically, how what happens in school (collaboration with church and others) impacts on children’s faith and spiritual life at home

Toroidal momentum transport in a tokamak caused by symmetry breaking parallel derivatives

A new mechanism for toroidal momentum transport in a tokamak is investigated using the gyro-kinetic model. First, an analytic model is developed through the use of the ballooning transform. The terms that generate the momentum transport are then connected with the poloidal derivative of the ballooning envelope, which are one order smaller in the normalised Larmor radius, compared with the derivative of the eikonal. The mechanism, therefore, does not introduce an inhomogeneity in the radial direction, in contrast with the effect of profile shearing. Numerical simulations of the linear ion temperature gradient mode with adiabatic electrons, retaining the finite rho* effects in the ExB velocity, the drift, and the gyro-average, are presented. The momentum flux is found to be linear in the normalised Larmor radius (\rho*) but is, nevertheless, generating a sizeable counter-current rotation. The total momentum flux scales linear with the aspect ratio of the considered magnetic surface, and increases with increasing magnetic shear, safety factor, and density and temperature gradients

The linear tearing instability in three dimensional, toroidal gyrokinetic simulations

Linear gyro-kinetic simulations of the classical tearing mode in three-dimensional toroidal geometry were performed using the global gyro kinetic turbulence code, GKW . The results were benchmarked against a cylindrical ideal MHD and analytical theory calculations. The stability, growth rate and frequency of the mode were investigated by varying the current profile, collisionality and the pressure gradients. Both collision-less and semi-collisional tearing modes were found with a smooth transition between the two. A residual, finite, rotation frequency of the mode even in the absense of a pressure gradient is observed which is attributed to toroidal finite Larmor-radius effects. When a pressure gradient is present at low collisionality, the mode rotates at the expected electron diamagnetic frequency. However the island rotation reverses direction at high collisionality. The growth rate is found to follow a $\eta^{1/7}$ scaling with collisional resistivity in the semi-collisional regime, closely following the semi-collisional scaling found by Fitzpatrick. The stability of the mode closely follows the stability using resistive MHD theory, however a modification due to toroidal coupling and pressure effects is seen