3,578 research outputs found
A review of naturalness and dark matter prediction for the Higgs mass in MSSM and beyond
Within a two-loop leading-log approximation, we review the prediction for the
lightest Higgs mass (m_h) in the framework of constrained MSSM (CMSSM), derived
from the naturalness requirement of minimal fine-tuning (Delta) of the
electroweak scale and dark matter consistency. As a result, the Higgs mass is
predicted to be just above the LEP2 bound, m_h=115.9\pm 2 GeV, corresponding to
a minimal Delta=17.8, value obtained from consistency with electroweak and WMAP
(3\sigma) constraints, but without the LEP2 bound. Due to quantum corrections
(largely QCD ones for m_h above LEP2 bound), Delta grows \approx exponentially
on either side of the above value of m_h, which stresses the relevance of this
prediction. A value m_h>121 (126) GeV cannot be accommodated within the CMSSM
unless one accepts a fine-tuning cost worse than Delta>100 (1000),
respectively. We review how the above prediction for m_h and Delta changes
under the addition of new physics beyond the MSSM Higgs sector, parametrized by
effective operators of dimensions d=5 and d=6. For d=5 operators, one can
obtain values m_h\leq 130 GeV for Delta<10. The size of the supersymmetric
correction that each individual operator of d=6 brings to the value of m_h for
points with Delta<100, is found to be small, of few (<4) GeV for M=8 TeV, where
M is the scale of new physics. This value decreases (increases) by
approximately 1 GeV for a 1 TeV increase (decrease) of the scale M. The
relation of these results to the Atlas/CMS supersymmetry exclusion limits is
presented together with their impact for the CMSSM regions of lowest
fine-tuning.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figures; (new figures and references added; improved
presentation
Scaling and Similitude in Single Nozzle Supersonic Retropropulsion Aerodynamics Interference
Retropropulsion, or the firing of rocket engines or motors into the direction of flight, is a method of spacecraft deceleration and soft landing that dates back to the early 1960s. Current conceptual designs for landing humans on the surface of Mars require supersonic retropropulsion, or initiation of retropropulsion at supersonic freestream conditions, as part of an extended powered descent phase of flight. The objective of this work is to identify the design parameters and flow condition bounds for self-similar behavior of powered descent aerodynamic interference in relevant flight environments. In applications of sub-scale test data, an unknown uncertainty lies in scaling to and from full-scale environments and systems. The issue of scaling for the opposing flows characteristic of powered descent is the focus of the following analysis, using data from wind tunnel testing of figurations with a single, central nozzle as a point of departure
Objective estimation of visual Acuity with preferential looking
Purpose: A novel Preferential Looking (PL) procedure that uses quantitative analysis of visual scanning parameters is presented.
Methods: Nine adult subjects were presented with a set of 14 visual stimuli (stimuli included 3 uniform grey fields and 1 field with black and white square wave gratings) spanning the range of spatial frequencies from 1.5 cycles/degree to 35.1 cycles/degree (1.3 logMAR to -0.07 logMAR). A remote gaze-tracking system was used to monitor the subject's eye movements and the relative fixation time (RFT) on the grating target. Subsequently, a four alternative forced-choice psychophysical test (4AFC) was performed with the same visual stimuli.
Results: For visual stimuli for which the gratings' positions in the 4AFC test were identified correctly in 100% of the trials ("reliably discriminated"), the mean RFT was 72.5% ± 9.0%. For stimuli for which the spatial frequencies were higher than the subject's psychophysically determined VA threshold ("non-discriminated"), the mean RFT was 25.3% ± 8.5%. Using three repeated trials at each spatial frequency and a VA detector that is based on the conditional probability density functions of the RFT, the average VA was underestimated by 0.06 logMAR (range: 0.00 logMAR to 0.20 logMAR).
Conclusions: In adults, automated quantitative analysis of visual scanning patterns can be used to estimate objectively and rapidly (210 seconds) VA with a mean error of 0.06 logMAR. The novel approach may form the basis for PL procedures that are more objective and accurate than the traditional clinical PL procedures
Lifting representations of finite reductive groups: a character relation
Given a connected reductive group over a finite field , and a
semisimple -automorphism of of finite order, let
denote the connected part of the group of -fixed points. Then
there exists a lifting from packets of representations of to packets for
. In the case of Deligne-Lusztig representations, we show that
this lifting satisfies a character relation analogous to that of Shintani.Comment: Minor errors corrected, proofs streamlined. Main result slightly
generalized, restated to emphasize analogy with stabilit
Tuning supersymmetric models at the LHC: A comparative analysis at two-loop level
We provide a comparative study of the fine tuning amount (Delta) at the
two-loop leading log level in supersymmetric models commonly used in SUSY
searches at the LHC. These are the constrained MSSM (CMSSM), non-universal
Higgs masses models (NUHM1, NUHM2), non-universal gaugino masses model (NUGM)
and GUT related gaugino masses models (NUGMd). Two definitions of the fine
tuning are used, the first (Delta_{max}) measures maximal fine-tuning wrt
individual parameters while the second (Delta_q) adds their contribution in
"quadrature". As a direct result of two theoretical constraints (the EW minimum
conditions), fine tuning (Delta_q) emerges as a suppressing factor (effective
prior) of the averaged likelihood (under the priors), under the integral of the
global probability of measuring the data (Bayesian evidence p(D)). For each
model, there is little difference between Delta_q, Delta_{max} in the region
allowed by the data, with similar behaviour as functions of the Higgs, gluino,
stop mass or SUSY scale (m_{susy}=(m_{\tilde t_1} m_{\tilde t_2})^{1/2}) or
dark matter and g-2 constraints. The analysis has the advantage that by
replacing any of these mass scales or constraints by their latest bounds one
easily infers for each model the value of Delta_q, Delta_{max} or vice versa.
For all models, minimal fine tuning is achieved for M_{higgs} near 115 GeV with
a Delta_q\approx Delta_{max}\approx 10 to 100 depending on the model, and in
the CMSSM this is actually a global minimum. Due to a strong (
exponential) dependence of Delta on M_{higgs}, for a Higgs mass near 125 GeV,
the above values of Delta_q\approx Delta_{max} increase to between 500 and
1000. Possible corrections to these values are briefly discussed.Comment: 23 pages, 46 figures; references added; some clarifications (section
2
Fine-tuning implications for complementary dark matter and LHC SUSY searches
The requirement that SUSY should solve the hierarchy problem without undue
fine-tuning imposes severe constraints on the new supersymmetric states. With
the MSSM spectrum and soft SUSY breaking originating from universal scalar and
gaugino masses at the Grand Unification scale, we show that the low-fine-tuned
regions fall into two classes that will require complementary collider and dark
matter searches to explore in the near future. The first class has relatively
light gluinos or squarks which should be found by the LHC in its first run. We
identify the multijet plus E_T^miss signal as the optimal channel and determine
the discovery potential in the first run. The second class has heavier gluinos
and squarks but the LSP has a significant Higgsino component and should be seen
by the next generation of direct dark matter detection experiments. The
combined information from the 7 TeV LHC run and the next generation of direct
detection experiments can test almost all of the CMSSM parameter space
consistent with dark matter and EW constraints, corresponding to a fine-tuning
not worse than 1:100. To cover the complete low-fine-tuned region by SUSY
searches at the LHC will require running at the full 14 TeV CM energy; in
addition it may be tested indirectly by Higgs searches covering the mass range
below 120 GeV.Comment: References added. Version accepted for publication in JHE
Analysis of complex singularities in high-Reynolds-number Navier-Stokes solutions
Numerical solutions of the laminar Prandtl boundary-layer and Navier-Stokes
equations are considered for the case of the two-dimensional uniform flow past
an impulsively-started circular cylinder. We show how Prandtl's solution
develops a finite time separation singularity. On the other hand Navier-Stokes
solution is characterized by the presence of two kinds of viscous-inviscid
interactions that can be detected by the analysis of the enstrophy and of the
pressure gradient on the wall. Moreover we apply the complex singularity
tracking method to Prandtl and Navier-Stokes solutions and analyze the previous
interactions from a different perspective
Nitrate Poisoning of Livestock Causes and Prevention
Nitrate poisoning is generally caused when animals eat too much forage that is high in nitrates not changed to protein in the plant. Poisoning can also happen when animals eat too much urea or nitrogen fertilizer spilled in the field or left where the animals can find it. Nitrate fertilizer is palatable, especially to cattle
- …