New nonlinear approaches for the adjustment and updating of a SAM

We believe that any adjustment and updating process (AUP) should try to minimize the relative deviation of the new coefficients from the intial ones in a homogeneus way. This homogenity would mean that the magnitude of this relative deviation is similar among the elements of each row or column, therefor avoiding the concentration of the changes in particular cells of the SAM. In this work, we propose some new adjustment criteria in order to obtain a homogeneus relative adjustment of the sructural coefficients. We also test the usefulness of this proposal by comparing its results with the ones obtained with more standard approaches.nonlinear approaches SAM

The Efficiency Costs of Separating Carbon Markets Under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme: A Quantitative Assessment for Germany

From 1 January 2005 onwards the European Union has launched the first largescale international carbon emissions trading program. As the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) covers only part of domestic carbon emissions, it implies a hybrid environmental regulation scheme: Each EU Member State must specify additional domestic abatement policies for the sectors that are not covered by the emissions trading scheme in order to meet its emissions budget under the EU Burden Sharing Agreement. Based on numerical simulations for Germany, we illustrate the efficiency drawback of hybrid carbon regulation which becomes particularly relevant when distributional constraints of the current EU-ETS design are taken into account

Explaining success and failures in PPP transport projects: an econometric approach

There are a multitude of factors, both internal and external, that may affect the development and success of any transport project. ‘Success’ is both context-dependent and quite difficult to measure. This paper distinguishes between four types of ‘success’ variables: (lack of) cost overruns; (lack of) time delays; (ex-post) level of traffic; and (generated) revenues. Each variable is modeled in a binary way (using discrete choice models), with each model estimating the relevance of various explanatory factors on the probability of success. Internal factors are found to have the greatest effect on that probability, and PPP projects seem to be prone to budget overruns and delays. Governance factors, such as the tender process, renegotiations, and issues related to penalties, among others, can all produce complications. Since the public authority has control over most of these variables, these results could be used to improve the ‘success’ of these projects

Measuring the sustainable behaviour and satisfaction with services in cruise tourism: a Naples case study

The main aim of this paper is to analyse cruise tourists’ sustainable behaviour and their level of satisfaction in Naples as one of the main Mediterranean ports receiving this type of tourism. The usage of a semi-structured questionnaire, administered to 1180 cruise tourists, allows us to group cruise tourists into clusters and analyse all the elements of two alternate types of behaviour: environmental and social. We have developed an IPA analysis and use ordered logit models to assess which aspects are influencing the general satisfaction level. Our findings highlight that over 80% of visitors indicated that they are highly aware of the need to dispose of trash in a sustainable way, as well as differences between different cluster preferences. The findings, although drawn from only one destination, may be useful for practitioners and policy makers by allowing them to pinpoint and understand specific determinants of the socio-economic effects of cruise tourism on a destination, by taking into account the role of sustainable services

SAM elaboration as a multiobjective adjustment problem

When elaborating a SAM many data adjustments have to be made. In our study we assume we need to adjust the household data on income to the data on labor payments derived from the IO Table, assuming that the data on households is the one that needs to be adjusted. In this adjustment both the distribution of each labor income among the different household types and the distribution of the different labor incomes among each household type have to be simultaneously taken into account. We propose multicriteria optimization techniques to solve this problem and to find a set of efficient solutions. We then show different ways to rank or select between these efficient solutions. We include various examples to show the effects of applying different decision criteria

New nonlinear approaches for the adjustment and updating of a SAM

We believe that any adjustment and updating process (AUP) should try to minimize the relative deviation of the new coefficients from the initial ones in a homogeneous way. This homogeneity would mean that the magnitude of this relative deviation is similar among the elements of each row or column, therefore avoiding the concentration of the changes in particular cells of the SAM.In this work, we propose some new adjustment criteria in order to obtain a homogeneous relative adjustment of the structural coefficients. We also test the usefulness of this proposal by comparing its results with the ones obtained by more standard approaches.Optimization Techniques, Programming Models, Dynamic Analysis, Input-Output Models.

The economic impact of global uncertainty and security threats on international tourism

[eng] Uncertainty and safety issues limit the expansion of the tourism sector. Previous literature has explored the impact of security problems on tourist flows, especially terrorism. However, the difficulty of measuring tourism in monetary terms has limited the ability to evaluate the economic costs of security and uncertainty. This paper brings together a worldwide gravity model for international tourist arrivals from 1995 to 2016 and an inter-country input-output model for estimating the economic impact of terrorism, corruption and economic policy uncertainty in monetary terms. The research provides estimates of variations in tourist arrivals and value added under different scenarios, ranging from total security to maximum insecurity and uncertainty values at country and regional levels. Results show how the value added generated by tourism would increase 14.3% if uncertainty and insecurity in each of the countries fell to their minimum level and would decrease 17.5% if they increase to their maximum leve