Toxicity of materials in fire situations: Laboratory data obtained at the University of San Francisco

Approximately 300 materials were evaluated using a specific set of test conditions. Materials tested included wood, fibers, fabrics and synthetic polymers. Data obtained using 10 different sets of test conditions are presented

Uncertainties of predictions from parton distribution functions II: the Hessian method

We develop a general method to quantify the uncertainties of parton distribution functions and their physical predictions, with emphasis on incorporating all relevant experimental constraints. The method uses the Hessian formalism to study an effective chi-squared function that quantifies the fit between theory and experiment. Key ingredients are a recently developed iterative procedure to calculate the Hessian matrix in the difficult global analysis environment, and the use of parameters defined as components along appropriately normalized eigenvectors. The result is a set of 2d Eigenvector Basis parton distributions (where d=16 is the number of parton parameters) from which the uncertainty on any physical quantity due to the uncertainty in parton distributions can be calculated. We illustrate the method by applying it to calculate uncertainties of gluon and quark distribution functions, W boson rapidity distributions, and the correlation between W and Z production cross sections.Comment: 30 pages, Latex. Reference added. Normalization of Hessian matrix changed to HEP standar

Computing Fast and Reliable Gravitational Waveforms of Binary Neutron Star Merger Remnants

Gravitational waves have been detected from the inspiral of a binary neutron-star, GW170817, which allowed constraints to be placed on the neutron star equation of state. The equation of state can be further constrained if gravitational waves from a post-merger remnant are detected. Post-merger waveforms are currently generated by numerical-relativity simulations, which are computationally expensive. Here we introduce a hierarchical model trained on numerical-relativity simulations, which can generate reliable post-merger spectra in a fraction of a second. Our spectra have mean fitting factors of 0.95, which compares to fitting factors of 0.76 and 0.85 between different numerical-relativity codes that simulate the same physical system. This method is the first step towards generating large template banks of spectra for use in post-merger detection and parameter estimation.Comment: Submitted to PRL. 6 pages, 4 figure

Contours and Contouring in Hydrography Part II - Interpolation

In Part I of this series, the authors discussed those issues which we feel are fundamentally important and which must be addressed by any method which aims to mechanize the drawing of depth contours for hydrographic charts. In this article we begin the discussion of the How of contouring. In particular, we concentrate on some of the most common methods used in the interpolation of the synthetic surface upon which computed contours will lie

Active Carbon and Oxygen Shell Burning Hydrodynamics

We have simulated 2.5$\times10^3$ s of the late evolution of a $23 \rm M_\odot$ star with full hydrodynamic behavior. We present the first simulations of a multiple-shell burning epoch, including the concurrent evolution and interaction of an oxygen and carbon burning shell. In addition, we have evolved a 3D model of the oxygen burning shell to sufficiently long times (300 s) to begin to assess the adequacy of the 2D approximation. We summarize striking new results: (1) strong interactions occur between active carbon and oxygen burning shells, (2) hydrodynamic wave motions in nonconvective regions, generated at the convective-radiative boundaries, are energetically important in both 2D and 3D with important consequences for compositional mixing, and (3) a spectrum of mixed p- and g-modes are unambiguously identified with corresponding adiabatic waves in these computational domains. We find that 2D convective motions are exaggerated relative to 3D because of vortex instability in 3D. We discuss the implications for supernova progenitor evolution and symmetry breaking in core collapse.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures in emulateapj format. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. High resolution figure version available at http://spinach.as.arizona.ed

Impacts of Forage Cropping Decisions on Feed-Flows in Cool- Temperate Grazing Systems

Intensive cool-temperate grasslands often rely on adding forage crops to help supply feed when pasture growth is limited by cool temperatures and low sunlight. We tested the impacts of using single- or multi-graze crops to alter feed supply in either summer/autumn or winter on productivity in red deer farming systems in a cool-temperate environment. The choice of single-graze or multi-graze crops to provide forage in deer grazing systems had an impact on the feed flows and the amount of pasture available, with multi-graze crops supplying more feed during the dry summer months while single-graze crops supplying more feed during the cool winter months. The limited growth rates of young red deer, and the late calving of hinds meant that pasture covers could be low during the late winter and early spring without compromising animal production. Overall, the use of a multi-graze crop, especially when used early in autumn to promote weaner liveweight gain, increased overall productivity by 5% and increased feed conversion efficiency by 2.5% in the venison production system

The Effect of Certain Chemical Treatments on Photolytic Image Formation

A study of certain chemical baths and combinations of chemical baths was made to determine their effect on the print-out image of a specially-prepared conventional developing-out enlarging paper. These Print-out images were formed and made visible entirely from the photolytic effect of the image exposure. Arc lamp, tungsten lamp and electronic flash lamp exposures were made; arc lamp exposures were the most satisfactory. The chemical associated with the most image improvement was stannous chloride